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Chicle
Chicle (Manilkara zapota)

Family: Sapotaceae

Common names: Black bully, Breiapfel, Cal-que-lidze-na, Chewing gum tree, Chicle, Chicle macho, Chicle tree, Chicltree, Chico, Chicosapote, Chicozapote, Chiczapotl, Chiquibul, Dilly, Guela-china, Gueladao guenda-china, Guenda-guina, Guendaxina, Iban, Jaas, Jega, Jiga, Korob, Licsujacat, Mespel, Mispel, Mispelboom, Mispoe, Mispu, Mo-ta, Muy, Muyozapot, Naseberry, Neesberry, Nisberry, Nisperillo, Nispero, Nispero de montana, Nispero de monte, Nispero quitense, Nispero tierno, No-yumna, Pernetamo, Peruetano, Red silion, Sak-ya, Sapatija, Sapodilla, Sapodilla plum, Sapote, Sapoti, Sapotier, Sapotilha, Sapotillbaum, Sapotille, Sapotiller, Sheink, Shene, Silion, Ta-nich, Tiaca-ia, Tzabitath, Tzaput, Tzicozapotl, Xicozapotl, Yaga-guelde, Zapote, Zapote blanco, Zapote chico, Zapote colorado, Zapote de abejas, Zapote morado, Zapotillo, Zaya

Distributed in: Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, United States, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: The sapodilla is believed native to Yucatan and possibly other nearby parts of southern Mexico, as well as northern Belize and Northeastern Guatemala. In this region there were once 100,000,000 trees. The species is found in forests throughout Central America where it has apparently been cultivated since ancient times. It was introduced long ago throughout tropical America and the West Indies, the Bahamas, Bermuda, the Florida Keys and the southern part of the Florida mainland. Early in colonial times, it was carried to the Philippines and later was adopted everywhere in the Old World tropics. It reached Ceylon in 1802. Cultivation is most extensive in coastal India (Maharastra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madras and Bengal States), where plantations are estimated to cover 4,942 acres (2,000 ha), while Mexico has 3,733.5 acres (1,511 ha) devoted to the production of fruit (mainly in the states of Campeche and Veracruz) and 8,192 acres (4,000 ha) primarily for extraction of chicle (see under "Other Uses") as well as many dooryard and wild trees. Commercial plantings prosper in Sri Lanka, the Philippines, the interior valleys of Palestine, as well as in various countries of South and Central America, including Venezuela and Guatemala.

Common uses: Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Chemical derivatives, Construction, Crossties, Factory flooring, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture, Heavy construction, Light construction, Marine construction, Mathematical instruments, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Piling, Posts, Railroad ties, Rulers, Shade rollers, Shuttles, Structural work, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction

Product sources: Supplies are limited since the timber is believed to be exported in only small quantities, if at all. It is available in small quantities in Florida where the tree has naturalized.

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m

Colors: the heart isRed, Reddish brownand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid

Drying Defects: Severe end splitting, Severe surface checking

Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory

Blunting Effect: Little

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Moderate to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Very Good to Excellent

Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent

Nailing: Possible if prebored, Pre-Boring Recommended

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Fair to Good Results

Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Painting: Fair to Good; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Fair to Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,71
Density 817 kg/m3
Bending Strength 1283 1966 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 152 237 kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 185 218 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Weight 881 801 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending 622 970 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 18259 27966. psi
Crushing Strength 2175 3377. psi
Density 51 lbs/ft3
Maximum Crushing Strength 8154 13069. psi
Static Bending 8851 13800. psi
Stiffness 2634 3114. 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.71
Weight 55 50 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %

Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = >75 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft.
Weight = high
Hardness = very high
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Some Mayan structures are reported to still contain sound members of Sapodilla wood.

Belize,1946,42 Secondary Hardwood Timbers of British Honduras,British Honduras Forest Department Bulletin,No.1Benitez Ramos, R.F and J.L. Montesinos Lagos. 1988. Catalogo de cien especies forestales de Honduras: Distribution, Propiedades y Usos. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Forestales, Siguatepeque, Honduras.Brazier, J.D., Franklin, G.L.,1967,An Appraisal of the Wood Characteristics and Potential Uses of some,Nicaraguan Timbers,FAO for Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughBritton, N.L., Millspaugh, C.F.,1920,The Bahama Flora,Britton & Millspaugh,New YorkFlynn Jr., J.H. 1993. Manilkara zapota - Sapodilla. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 228-229.Fors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La HabaraHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryLittle, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPearson, R.S.,1929,Summary of preliminary reports on British Honduras sapodilla (Achras,sapota,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Project O,Investigation No.8Pennington, T.D., Sarukhan, J.,1968,Manual para la Identificacion de campo de los Principales Arboles,Tropicales de Mexico,Inst. Nac. Inv. For. MexicoRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressRecord, S.J.,1939,American Woods of the Family Sapotaceae,Tropical Woods 8(59) pp21-51Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionVolkart, C.,1965,Recopilacion dedatos sobre propiedacies y usos maderos del Bosque Tropical,de las Costa Atlantica de Nicaragua,Turrialba,15(1, pp43-57Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
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