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Mansonia (Mansonia altissima)
Family: Sterculiaceae Common names: African black walnut, African walnut, Afun, Anyi, Aprend, Aprono, Baule, Bete, Bodua, Boroua, Essai, Guissepa, Koul, Mansonia, Nkoul, Odo, Ododo, Ofun, Oprono, Prono, Pruno, Purono, Urodo Distributed in: Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Togo (Africa) Distribution overview: This species occurs in Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Cd'Ivoire, Ghana, and Nigeria. It prefers dry fertile forest soil over wet forest and tends to be drought tolerant. Common uses: Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Bobbins, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Drum sticks, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marquetry, Musical instruments , Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Office furniture, Organ pipes, Paneling , Paneling, Piano keys, Pianos , Picker sticks, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Shingles, Specialty items, Sporting Goods, Tables, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative Product sources: The ITTO reports that the species is a regular source of timber for export. Export of the material in the log form is prohibited in Ghana and Nigeria.Mansonia is available in limited quantities in both the lumber and veneer forms. It is priced in the moderate range, but is more expensive than American black walnut. Environment profile: Endangered
He environmental profile of this species within its natural boundaries has not been officially assessed.
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isRed, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhitish, Yellow.The grain isVariable (figure), the textureUniformand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste
LightInduced Color Change: Lighter
Kiln Schedules: UK=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7 Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Slight to medium effect Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing: Good gluing properties Mortising: good Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing: Good nailing properties, Possible if prebored Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities Routing recessing: Routing yields good results Sanding: Good sanding finish Veneering qualities: Easy to cut, No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Steam bending: Moderate
Screwing: Excellent screwing properties, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Staining is usually excellent ;
Hardness (side grain) = medium 0 Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0 Bending strength (MOR) = high 1 Shrinkage, Tangential = very small 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (impact strength) = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impace Strength) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = large Resists denting and marring Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = high Heavy Hardness = medium Hardness (side grain) = hard Density = high Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Mansonia is used by the automobile industry for interior applications such as, fascias, dashboards, and window trims. Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]Bentum, A.L.K.,1970,Properties of Ghanian Timbers - Mansonia,Ghana Forest Products Research Institute Technical Newsletter,4(1,pp30-2Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1949,Bete (Mansonia altissima,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.11, pp295-8Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1977,Bete (Mansonia altissima,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.171, pp31-44Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBond, C.W.,1950,Colonial Timbers,Sir Issac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonCox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughCudjoe, F.S.,1969,A Key to the Family Sterculiaceae in Ghana,Forest Prod. Res. Inst. Ghana Tech. Note, No.7Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1955,Kiln-Drying Schedules,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Leaflet,No.42Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFortin, Y., Poliquin, J.,1976,Natural Durability and Preservation of 100 Tropical African Woods,International Development Research Centre, CanadaFrance - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceFrance - C.T.F.T.,1959,Bois a Parquets,C.T.F.T.,Information Tec.,No.6France - C.T.F.T.,1960,Resultats des observations et des essais effectues au CTFT sur le Bete,C.T.F.T. Information Technique, No.64France - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12Ghana - Timber Marketing Board,1969,Ghana Hardwoods,Timber Marketing BoardHarrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32Hedin, L.,1930,Etude sur la Foret et les Bois du Cameroun,Haut-Commissaire de la CamerounHMSO.1981.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R. H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished dataI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonITTO.1986. Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France.Jay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKaiser, J. 1993. Wood of the Month -Mansonia: Alike, but not Akin, to American Black Walnut.Wood & Wood Products, January 1993, Page 44.Kennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer LagosKinloch, D., Miller, W.A.,1949,Gold Coast Timbers,Govt. Printer Gold CoastKline, M. 1984. Mansonia altissima - Mansonia. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 230.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lavers, G. M.1966.The Strength Properties of Timbers.Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50.Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lincoln, W.A. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonReyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra LeoneSpalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of African woods 1,Tropical Woods,115(105,pp 13-38Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1959,Survey of Africa Woods 4,Tropical Woods 17(110) pp42-115Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and SonsTimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionTropical Timber Information Center U.S.A.,1975,Mansonia (Mansonia altissima,State Univ., New York T.T.I.C. Bulletin,No.1Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13 |
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