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Gangaw
Gangaw (Mesua ferrea)

Family: Guttiferae

Common names: Atha, Behetta champagam, Boonnak, Bosneak, Bunnark, Churuli, Dieng-ngai, Gangau, Gangaw, Iron wood tree, Kawtanok, Kesaramu, Lenggapas, Mai-kam-kaw, Mai-ting, Mallay, Mesua, Nagachambagam, Nagachampa, Nagakesara, Nagasampige, Nagear, Nageshvaro, Nagkesar, Nahor, Naku, Nangal, Nangu, Ngai-ching, Nohar, Penaga, Peri, Rimpumara, Surili, Suruli, Vainavu, Vap, Vap nagasari, Veluthapala

Distributed in: Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: The genus Mesua is composed of trees that are widely distributed in India and Southeast Asia.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Beams, Boat building (general), Boat building, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Crossties, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Lifeboats, Light construction, Matches, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Piling, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Roofing, Shafts/Handles, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Wheel spokes, Wheels, Wheelwright work

Environment profile: Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center The population of this species is relatively secure within its habitat in most areas in its range including Malaysia, but it is officially classified as Rare in Sri Lanka, Vulnerable in Vietnam, and either Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare in Bangladesh and Indonesia. Its environmental status in Myanmar

Tree size: Tree height is 40-50 m

Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isStraight to interlocked, the textureSmoothand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Very durable, Weathering properties are excellent

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is slow

Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Severe surface checking, Severe twisting/warping

Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is fluted

Blunting Effect: High to severe

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Difficult to nail

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is resistant

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling

Turning: Good results

Polishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,74 0,92
Density 929 kg/m3
Bending Strength 1071 1506 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 112 160 kg/cm2
Hardness 1440 kg
Impact Strength 137 142 cm
Shearing Strength 187 kg/cm2
Stiffness 158 183 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 945 913 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,28 0,49 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 444 cm-kg
Static Bending 712 731 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 15241 21420 psi
Crushing Strength 1607 2283 psi
Density 58 lbs/ft3
Hardness 3175 lbs
Impact Strength 54 56 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 8981 11853 psi
Shearing Strength 2664 psi
Static Bending 10136 10405 psi
Stiffness 2259 2603 1000 psi
Toughness 386 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 4 7 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.74 0.92
Weight 59 57 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 15 %

Hardness (side grain) = very hard 0
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Max. crushing strength = very high
Max. crushing strength = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Toughness-Hammer drop (impact strength) = high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft.
Weight = very high
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very high
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high
May require special tools to process
Density = very high
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft.
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very high
Bending strength (MOR) = very high

Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1958. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume I - Dilleniaceae to Elaeocarpaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume I. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore.Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore.Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15India Forest Research Institute,1974,Indian Timbers - Mesua,Forest Research Institute & College, Dehra Dun. Information Series No.16Kadambi, K.,1954,Mesua ferrea Linn: Its silviculture and management,Indian Forester 80(9) pp531-50Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza.1961.Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia.Technological Paper No. 12.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210Limaye, V.D.1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 4, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D.,1933,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of woods grown in India (Third,Interim Report on Project 1,Indian Forest Records,18(10,pp1-70Malaysian Timber Industry Board,1986,100 Malaysian Timbers,The Malaysian Timber Industry BoardMathur, R.N.,1958,Borer damage to Mesua ferrea Linn and Poeciloneuron indicum Bedd.,Indian Forester 84(1) pp40-1Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand.Strugnell, E.J.,1931,Notes on woods for furniture making,Malaysian Forester 1 pp69-73Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia
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