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White mulberry (Morus alba)
Family: Moraceae Common names: Chinni, Chun, Gelso bianco, Labri, Mawon, Mulberry, Murier blanc, Ngap-set-ting, Posa, Shahtul, Shatut, Silkworm mulberry, Tooti, Tul, Tulklu, Tunt, Tuntri, Tut, Tutri, White mulberry Distributed in: Afghanistan, Burma, China, India, Iran, Japan, Pakistan (Oceania and S.E. Asia, Western Europe) Distribution overview: Although White mulberry is native to China, it is widely cultivated in other areas including the United States, western Europe, northern India, Afghanistan, and Kashmir. It is a naturalized species in the eastern United States and in the Pacific states. It is also occasionally planted in southern England. In India, the species is found in the plains and the Himalayas, up to an elevation of 11000 feet (3355 m). The tree is drought resistant, and has become adapted to dry, warm areas. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Bobbins, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles, Handles: general, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Hockey sticks, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Office furniture, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shafts/Handles, Sporting Goods, Stools, Tables , Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery, Utility furniture, Utility poles, Vehicle parts, Wardrobes, Wheel spokes Product sources: Silk worms are fed on the leaves of White mulberry. Environment profile: Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center
This species is officially classified as Rare within its natural habitat in Liechtenstein, Western Europe
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isRed, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhitish, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureUniformand the lusterLustrous
Natural durability: Perishable, Susceptible to insect attack Odor: No specific smell or taste
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid Drying Defects: Severe collapse and honeycomb, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance: Responds well to sawing Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding: Very Good to Excellent Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent Nailing: Poor to Very Poor Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood Response to hand tools: Responds Readily Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy Steam bending: Bends easily
Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Polishing: Good;
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = hard Bending strength (MOR) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = low Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = medium The bending strength of air-dried wood of the species is similar to that of Teak, which is considered to be strong. Strength in compression parallel to grain is in the high range. Other species in this range include Teak, White oak, and Hard maple. Hardness is rated as medium. It resists denting and marring about as well as white oak or birch. The weight is high. The density is high. Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Chaturvedi, M.D.,1956,Ania (Ailanthus excelsa) - The tree of distinction,Indian Farming 6(3) pp33-4Desch, H. E. 1954. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume II. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore.Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonLaidlaw, W.B.R.1960. Guide to British Hardwoods.Published by Leonard Hill [Books] Limited, 9 Eden Street, N.W.1, London.Limaye, V.D.1954.Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability.Indian Forest Records (New Series, Timber Mechanics, Volume 1, No. 2.Timber Mechanics Branch, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun.Limaye, V.D. 1953.Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods.Indian Forest Records (New Series, Timber Mechanics, Volume 1, No. 4.Timber Mechanics Branch, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun.Limaye, V.D.,1957,Grouping of Indian Timbers and Their Properties, Uses and Suitability.,Indian Forest Records (N.S. Timber Mechanics Vol.1 No.2)Little, E.L.1980.The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Mahendru, I.D.,1937,The Mulberry (Morus alba Linn,Punjab Forest Records 1(2)Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsRamesh, Rao K., Juneja, K.B.S.,1971,Field Identification of Fifty Important timbers of India,Dehra Dun IndiaSaeed Ahmed, S., Mahammad Ayaz, and Taj Mohammad,1977,Properties and Uses of Commercial Timbers in Pakistan,Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar, Division of Forest Products Bulletin,No.3Sekhar, A. C., Rana, R. S. 1957. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Timbers Tested at the Forest Research Institute, Indian Forest Records, Timber Mechanics Branch,Volume 1 No. 10, Dehra Dun, IndiaSekhar, A.C., Rana, R.S.,1957,Physical and mechanical properties of wood tested at the Forest Research,Institute, Dehra Dun,. Report IX,Indian Forest Records (ns) Timber Mechanics 1(10) pp167-70Sekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24Troup, R.S. 1909. Indian Woods and Their Uses. The Indian Forest Memoirs, Economic Products Series, Volume 1, No. 1. Superintendent, Government Printing, Calcutta, India.Yasin, M., Shah, Q.H.,1975,Peeling properties of Moris alba wood species,Pakistan Journal of Forestry 25(3) pp171-96 |
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