Aye (Morus lactea)
Family: Moraceae
Common names: Aye, Difou, East African mulberry, Kankate, Kivulevule, Manuku, Mecodze, Mekobze, Mukimbu, Mukoge, Nyakatoma, Turoro, Uganda mulberry, Wonton
Distributed in: Kenya, Mozambique, Uganda (Africa)
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Mine timbers, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isRed, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureUniform
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to marine borer attack
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3
Drying Defects: Collapse, Slight end splitting
Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good
Boring: Fairly easy to very easy
Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw
Gluing: Easy to glue
Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Nailing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult, Poor to Very Poor
Planing: Very Good to Excellent
Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood
Response to hand tools: Responds Readily
Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Veneering qualities: Easy to cut
Steam bending: Very good
Screwing: Easy to screw
; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract
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- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
|
|
|
Density |
|
737 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
654 |
1024 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
485 |
699 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
1333 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
|
|
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
200 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
95 |
110 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
|
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
3 |
|
% |
Weight |
721 |
576 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
|
|
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 9310 | 14566 | psi | Density | | 46 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 2940 | lbs | Maximum Crushing Strength | 6899 | 9945 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 2847 | psi | Stiffness | 1358 | 1568 | 1000 psi | Weight | 45 | 36 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % | |
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = very hard Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1967,The Steam Bending Properties of various timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet,No.45Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer UgandaTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47White, F.,1962,Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia,O.U.P. LondonWigg, L.T.,1946,Durability of some East African Timbers,East African Agricultural Journal,12,pp90-100, (Now East,African Agricultural and Forestry Journal)Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya
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