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African corkwood (Musanga cecropioides)
Family: Moraceae Common names: Abome, African corkwood, Aga umbrella tree, Agbome, Agoumi, Agyemkama, Ajama, Amaya, An'fekan, Assan, Assang, Asseng, Bokombo, Bokuibe, Bossengue, Butwiome, Combo-combo, Congo-congo, Corkwood, Diseng, Djunia, Doe, Dwema, Dzama, Egbesu, Egeun, Egimamfuk, Egui, Eguni, Egunli, Ekomba, Ekombo, Gbawo, Glu, Govwi, Guima, Ikomba, Ikumbu, Juma, Juna, Kaliba, Kigere, Lisengi, Loho, Mouin, Moussinga, Mulamba, Musanga, N'govoge, N'senga, Ngogho, Ngovui, Odwema, Odwemafufuo, Odzuma, Ofika, Ogohen, Ojamba, Oro, Osenge, Ote, Otumbi, Parasolier, Peindo, Ro, Schirmbaum, Senga, Siang, Tshabi, Tshilombela, Tshilombelombe, Ufogho, Ukhorube, Ukporwe, Umbrella tree, Uno, Unson, wensone Distributed in: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda, Zaire (Africa) Distribution overview: The genus Musanga consists of only one species with a growth range confined to West and Central Africa. The species occurs from Guinea to Zaire and Angola. It is found in forest clearings, secondary forests, and old and abandoned farms. It occurs in abundance in localized areas and is often found in almost pure stands. The species is also suitable for plantations. Common uses: Balusters, Barge fenders, Baskets, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Canoes, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Charcoal, Chemical derivatives, Concrete formwork, Construction, Core Stock, Docks, Dockwork, Food containers, Harbor work, Hardboards, Insulating boards, Interior construction, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Model airplanes, Moldings, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: percussion, Naval architecture, Oars, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Raft floats, Rafts, Shingles, Specialty items, Sporting Goods, Stairworks, Stringers, Tool handles, Toys, Veneer, Wharf construction, Woodwork Environment profile: Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center
Relatively secure in many areas within its range, including Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Uganda.Its status is currently listed as unknown in several areas within its range because of inadequate relevant information. The areas include Angola, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, and Zaire
Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m
Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodSame as heartwood, White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Susceptible to pinhole borers Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: UK=L US=T14C6S/T12C5S -
Drying Defects: Checking, Distortion Ease of Drying: Reduce drying degrade by kiln-drying over air-drying Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Blunting Effect: Wood exerts little blunting effect on cutters
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
The wood is have poor jointing properties
Nailing: Holds nails well, Nails hold poorly Planing: Difficult to plane
The material is soft and fibrous, and planed surfaces tend to be uneven.
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities
Screwing: Poor screw holding properties , Screwing yields good results;
Painting: Poor; Polishing: Very poor polishing properties ;
Max. crushing strength = low 0 Hardness (side grain) = very soft Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Radial = very small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Bending strength (MOR) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Density (dry weight) = <15 lbs/cu.ft. The strength properties of the wood are quite variable, depending upon origin and conditions at growth site. The timber is light enough to be considered as a substitute for Cork in many applications. Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153Doat, J.,1971,Le Parasolier - Une bonne essence papetiere Africane,Bois et Forets des Tropiques 137 &138, pp39-51 & pp49-57Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. BelguimFouarge, J.,1953,Bois du Congo,I.N.E.A.C.Fouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76France - Comite Nacional des Bois Coloniaux,1931,Etude Physique et Mecanique des Bois Coloniaux,Assoc. Colonies-Sciences & Comite National des Bios Coloniaux, Paris,,FranceGutierrez Oliva, A., Plaza Pulgar, F.,1967,Caracteristicas fisico-mecanicas de las maderas Espanolas. (Physical and,mechanical properties of Spanish timbers.,Min.Agric./Dir.Gen Montes/Instituto Forestral de Investigaciones,y,Experiencias, Madrid pp102Hedin, L.,1930,Etude sur la Foret et les Bois du Cameroun,Haut-Commissaire de la CamerounIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonKeay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Keay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanKryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Kunkel, G.,1965,The Trees of Liberia,German Forestry Mission to Liberia Report,No.3Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Meniaud, J., Bretonnet, F.,1926,Les Bois Coloniaux d'Afrique dans l'Industrie,Publ. de l'Agence Gen. des ColoniesPieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent BelguimSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra LeoneTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and SonsUnwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. LondonWCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. |
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