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Determa (Ocotea rubra)
Family: Lauraceae Common names: Baaka, Bewana, Braloc, Cirouaballi, Determa, Grignon, Grignon franc, Grignon rouge, Grignon rougre, Ishpingo maraco, Laurier, Laurier canelle, Louro rojo, Louro rosa, Louro vermelho, Louru vermelho, Red louro, Surinam mahogany, Teteroma, Teteruma, Wana, Wane, Wanu Distributed in: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago (Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: The species occurs in the Guianas, Trinidad, and the lower Amazon region of Brazil. It grows on sandy or loamy soils in Guyana. Common uses: Barge fenders, Beams, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Building construction, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Cooperages, Decks, Decorative plywood, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Door, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Food containers, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Harbor work, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Joists, Light construction, Marine construction, Millwork, Moldings, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Piling, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Roofing, Structural work, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative, Wharf construction Product sources: The ITTO reports that the species is an important source of timber. The timber is exported regularly, and is imported from Brazil into Venezuela, Germany, China, and Japan. Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodYellow, Yellowish brown.The grain isWavy, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable Odor: Seasoned material has no specific odor or taste
Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is not buttressed Comments: A lesser-known-species from tropical America. It is superior to yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) in tension and compression perpendicular to grain, and is close to white oak (Quercus alba) in static bending and compression parallel to grain. General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as poor Blunting Effect: Slight dulling effect on cutting tools Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing: Very good properties Moulding: Very Good to Excellent Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent Nailing: Holds nails well, Pre-Boring Recommended Planing: Slight dulling effect on cutting edges Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy Steam bending: Moderate
Screwing: Easy to screw, Pre-boring recommended; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Polishing: Good; Staining: Finish is generally satisfactory;
Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0 Max. crushing strength = medium 0 Shrinkage, Radial = small 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium 0 Hardness (side grain) = very soft 0 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low 0 Hardness (side grain) = soft 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate 0 Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Tangential = large Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Weight = heavy Very dense Surfaces may dent or scratch easily Soft Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1952,Grignon Franc (Ocotea rubra,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.22,pp109-112Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brazil -, I.B.D.F.,1980,Woods from Tucurui - characteristics and application,The Ag. Ministry Brazilian Institute for Forest DevelopmentBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Dickinson, F.E.,1949,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 1,Tropical Woods,13(95,pp1-140Edmondson, C.H.,1949,Reaction of Woods from S.America and Caribbean areas to Marine Borers in,Hawaiian Waters,Caribbean Foresters,10(1,PP37-41Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentGuna et al, S.R.D.,1945,Notes on British Guiana Timbers,The 'Daily Chronicle' Ltd. Printers,28PPGuyana Forestry Department,1951,British Guiana Timbers - Determa (Ocotea rubra,British Guiana Forestry Department Leaflet,7,4ppHMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer, Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lamb, A.F.A., Wangaard, F.F.,1950,The Gluing Properties of certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report,4Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416Mainieri, C.,1971,25 Madeiras da Amazonia de Valor Comercial, Caracterizacas macroscopia,,usos comuns e indices qualificativos,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Publ., No.798Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas TechnologicasPolak, A.M.,1992,Major Timber Trees of Guyana A Field Guide,The Tropenbos Foundation Wageningen, The NetherlandsRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1942,American Timbers of the Family Lauraceae,Tropical Woods,69,pp7-33Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonRizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA BrazilSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.)Surinam Forest Service,1952,Surinam Timber - A Summary with brief descriptions of the main timber,species of Surinam,Surinam Forest ServiceTakahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Teixeira, D. E., M. A. E. Santana and M. Rabelo de Souza.1988. Amazonian Timbers for the International Market.ITTO Technical Series 1.Brazilian Institute for Forestry Development, Brazil.Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Tropical Woods,1968,Madeiras Comercias Brasileiras,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo Brazil Publ.,857Vink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed.Wangaard, F.F., and A.F. Muschler. 1952. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume III, No. 98. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.Wangaard, F.F., Muschler, A.F.,1952,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 3,Tropical Woods,14(98, pp1-190Wangaard, F.F.,1951,The Physical Properties of Tropical Woods,F.A.O. For. & For. Prod. Studies Series No.3 Tropical Woods and Ag.,Residues as sources of pulp,pp10-16Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series |
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