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East African camphorwood (Ocotea usambarensis)
Family: Lauraceae Common names: Camphor, East African camphorwood, Ibean camphor, Kikenzi, Maasi, Mkulo, Mninga, Msasi, Mseri, Muheti, Munganga, Mutunguru, Muura, Muwong, Muzaiti, Muziti, Muzura, Mwiha, Ocotea Distributed in: Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda (Africa) Distribution overview: The species occurs predominantly in Kenya and Tanzania, and sparsely in Uganda. It grows in montane forests at elevations of 3000 to 9000 feet (915 to 2745 m). Common uses: Boat building (general), Boat building, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Concrete formwork, Domestic flooring, Exterior uses, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture, Interior construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Millwork, Paneling , Paneling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Tables, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environment profile: Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center
Tree size:
Some boles may be of very poor form.
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodSame as heartwood, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMediumand the lusterSometimes lustrous but not always
Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very durable Odor: Wood has a characteristic camphor scent
The wood has a characteristic camphor scent and is not recommended for use in kitchen applications such as draining boards.
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=G US=T8B3/T5B1 Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Drying Defects: Slight end splitting, Slight surface checking Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: Lumber Selection - Careful selection of straight-grained lumber is essential since some trees produce boles of very poor form. Timber from such trees contain twisted grain, which affects many wood properties and limits its uses. Although they often have rotten cores, selection of large logs has been recommended since they can produce boards with wider dimensions Blunting Effect: Slight dulling effect on cutting tools Boring: Satisfactory (60+ pieces out of 100 will yield good to excellent results) Carving: Poor to Very Poor Results Cutting Resistance: Low cutting resistance Gluing: Moderate gluing properties Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding: Special care recommended Movement in Service: Special care recommended Nailing: Easy to nail, Fair nailing properties Planing: Special attention required Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Slight dulling effect on cutting edges Routing recessing: Routing yields good results Sanding: Good sanding finish Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Suitable for slicing Steam bending: Moderate
Steam bending qualities are inferior to those of some well known steam bending timbers such as Beech, Ash, and Oak. The wood may distort during bending and setting, and results are less than satisfactory in knotty material
Screwing: Easy to screw, Satisfactory screwing properties; Turning: Satisfactory response to turning
Painting: Good; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Stains well; Varnishing: Good;
Max. crushing strength = medium 0 Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0 Hardness (side grain) = soft 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = small 0 Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium 0 Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low 1 Shrinkage, Radial = small 1 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low 1 Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = very small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Hardness (side grain) = very soft Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = low Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high East African camphorwood is described as a medium-weight timber with extremely good strength-to-weight ratio and high durability. It is low in stiffness and resistance to shock loads, but has medium strength in crushing. Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBond, C.W.,1950,Colonial Timbers,Sir Issac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonBryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1967,The Steam Bending Properties of various timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet,No.45Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceGrant, D.K.S.,1934,Some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest DepartmentHMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Kribbs, D.A. 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Buckhout Lab., Dept. of Botany, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.Lamb, G.N.,1951,Foreign Woods - Black Ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum, Banuyo,(Wallaceodendron celebicum, East African Camphor (Ocatea usambarensis,,Supa (Sindora supa) and Sepetir (Sindora Sp.,Wood and Wood Products 56(12) pp44-5Lavers, G.M. 1967. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50 (Spersedes Bulletin No. 45). Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California.Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Patterson, D. 1988. Commercial Timbers of the World. Fifth Edition. Gower Technical Press, Aldershot, UK. ix + 339 pp.Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressSpalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of African woods 1,Tropical Woods,115(105,pp 13-38Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1959,Survey of Africa Woods 4,Tropical Woods 17(110) pp42-115Tack, C.H.,1953,Plywood and veneer species,Forest Department, Uganda. Technical Note 5/1953Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania - Timber Marketing Co. Ltd.,1978,Timber from TanzaniaTanzania Forest Department,1960,The Natural Durability of Local Timbers,Tanzanian Forest Dept. Tech. Note,No.14Tanzania Forest Department,1961,Utilisation Properties of Second Growth Camphor,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Technical Note,No.27Tanzania Forest Department,1966,Flooring Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaTanzania Forest Division,1965,Ocotea usambarensis (E.African Camphorwood,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaTanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiTanzania Forest Division,1967,The Weights and Shrinkage of some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sect. Technical Note,No.25Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Timber Information Assoc. Ltd.,1947,Notes on East African Timbers,TRADA, Timber Information, No.28Titmuss, F.H. 1965. Commercial Timbers of the World. Third Edition (Enlarged of A Concise Encyclopedia of World Timbers). The Technical Press Ltd., London.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionUganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi KenyaWood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13 |
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