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Espave (Anacardium excelsum)
Family: Anacardiaceae Common names: Bouchi-caju, Cahu, Cajarana, Cajou, Caju, Caju assu, Caju da Malta, Caju da matta, Caju do campo, Cajueiro do campos, Cajuhy, Cajuvana, Caracoli, Caschou, Cashu, Espave, Espavel, Espavel amarillo, Espavel rosado, Gran cashew, Hoobodia, Maranon, Maranon de montana, Mija, Mijagao, Mijao, Pomme caju, Quina, Wild cashew Distributed in: Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Costa Rica south through Panama to Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador. Frequently found in coastal areas on well-drained soils. Almost pure stands report in the Darien Province of Panama. Common uses: Baskets, Beams, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building construction, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Food containers, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Office furniture, Packing cases, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Veneer: decorative Environment profile: Vulnerable in parts of its habitat and may soon become Endangered if current trends of over-exploitation and habitat destruction persist Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Odor: No specific smell or taste
Silica Content: Siliceous LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D Fr=5 Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly
Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Rapidly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is not buttressed
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Cutting Resistance: Low resistance to sawing Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising: Very Good to Excellent Moulding: Very Good to Excellent Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent Nailing: Easy to nail, Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planing: Poor to Very Poor Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is treatable Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities Sanding: Poor to Very Poor Results
Turning: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Finish is generally satisfactory;
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 0 Bending strength (MOR) = low 0 Bending strength (MOR) = very low 0 Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = very small Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = low Acosta-Solis, M.,1960,Maderas Economicas del Ecuador y sus Usos,Editorial Casa de la Culhra Ecuatoriana QuitoArno, J. 1989. Anacardium excelsum - Espave. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 38-40.Association Technique Internationale des Bois Tropicaux,1955,Nomenclature Generale des Bois Tropicaux,Assoc. Tec. Int. des Bois Tropicaux Nogent-sur-Marne FranceBerni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods -Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brazier, J.D., Franklin, G.L.,1967,An Appraisal of the Wood Characteristics and Potential Uses of some,Nicaraguan Timbers,FAO for Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cooper, G.P.,1930,Espave (Anacardium rhinocarpus DC,Tropical Woods,3(22, PP4-9Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1943,Foreign Woods,- 2 Notes on Freijo (Cordia goeldiana) and Quaruba,(Vochysia,spp.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Leaflet,No. 29Fors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La HabaraFrance - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceGerry, E., Kryn, J.M.,1952,Espave (Anacardium excelsum,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,Information Leaflet on Foreign WoodsHess, R.W., Wangaard, F.F., Dickinson, F.E.,1950,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 2,Tropical Woods,13(97,pp1-132Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryKukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J.,1939,American Woods of the Family Anacardiaceae,Tropical Woods,8(60,pp11-45Scheffer, T.C., Duncan, C.G.,1947,The Decay Resistance of certain Central American and Ecuadorian Woods,Tropical Woods,12(92, PP1-24Simpson, W.T. and J.A. Sagoe. 1991. Relative Drying Times of 650 Tropical Woods : Estimation by Green Moisture Content, Specific Gravity, and Green Weight Density.United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-71, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Slooten van der, H.J., Martinez, E.P.,1959,Descripcion y propiedades de algunas madeiras Venezolanas,Inst. for Lation Americano de Investigacion y Capaciticion Boletin,Informaturo DirulgaturoSmith, N.J.H, J.T. Williams, D.L. Plucknett and J.P. Talbot.1992.Tropical Forests and their Crops.Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca.Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Timber Development Association Ltd.,1948,Notes on Ecuadorian Timbers,TRADA, Timber Information,35,pp5Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionVenezuela-Laboratories Nacional de Productos Forestates,1974,Caraderisticas, Propiedades y usos de 104 Maderas de los allos Ilanos,occidentales,Min. Ag. y Cria, Universidad de Los andes, Merida, Venezuela Lab.Nac. de,Prod. For.Villamil, F.G.,1971,Maderas Colombianas,Proexpo ColombiaWangaard, F.F., and A.F. Muschler. 1952. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume III, No. 98. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.Wangaard, F.F., Muschler, A.F.,1952,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 3,Tropical Woods,14(98, pp1-190Wangaard, F.F.,1951,The Physical Properties of Tropical Woods,F.A.O. For. & For. Prod. Studies Series No.3 Tropical Woods and Ag.,Residues as sources of pulp,pp10-16WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series |
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