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Ironwood
Ironwood (Ostrya virginiana)

Family:

Common names: Eastern hophornbeam, Ironwood

Distributed in: United States (North America)

Distribution overview: The natural growth range of the species extends from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Ocean, and from central Florida to Ontario. It is also found in small localized areas down into Mexico. The tree thrives on dry upland soils, and is common in hilly areas.

Common uses: Canes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Farm vehicles, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Handles, Hatracks, Kitchen cabinets, Levers, Living-room suites, Machinery parts, Novelties, Office furniture, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shafts/Handles, Skids, Stools, Tables , Tool handles, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Wardrobes, Wheels , Woodenware

Product sources: Although the species is abundant within its growth range, it is seldom available as a commercial timber because of its small size.

Environment profile: Status within its natural growth range has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm

Colors: the heart isWhitish, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWith distinct light and dark bands, the textureUniformand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Resistant to termites, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: US=T6B3/T3B1

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid

Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Very Good to Excellent Results

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Abrasion: Ironwood has wear resistance comparable to that of iron

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Unsuitable

Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy ; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,59 0,64
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength kg/cm2
Crushing Strength kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 10 %
Radial Shrinkage 8 %
Weight 913 753 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Specific Gravity 0.59 0.64
Weight 57 47 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 8 %
Tangential Shrinkage 10 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 19 %

Weight = very heavy
Weight = heavy
Tough
Strong
Hardness (side grain) = hard

Arno, J. 1988. Ostrya virginiana - Eastern hophornbeam. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 256-257.Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Canadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
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