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West Indian lancewood
West Indian lancewood (Oxandra lanceolata)

Family: Annonaceae

Common names: Asta, Biriba, Black lancewood, Bois d'arc, Bois de lance, Bufumo, Embyu branco, Envira preta, Guanabanillo, Haya, Haya blanca, Haya preita, Haya prieta, Lancewood, Lanzenholz, Palo de lanza, West Indian lancewood, White lancewood, Yaya, Yaya boba, Yaya boba macho, Yaya bobo, Yaya comun, Yaya de monte, Yaya hembra, Yaya prieta

Distributed in: Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico [US], Puerto Rico, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: The species is indigenous to the Carribean islands, and is most prominent in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica. Some similar but separate species are reported to grow in the Amazon basin.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Billiard-cue butts, Bobbins, Carvings, Fishing rods , Fishing rods, Handles, Handles: general, Handles: woodworking tools, Mathematical instruments, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Picker sticks, Railroad ties, Shade rollers, Shafts/Handles, Shuttles, Specialty items, Spindles, Spools, Sporting Goods, Stencil & chisel blocks, Sucker rods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery, Umbrella handles , Vehicle parts, Wheel spokes

Product sources: Commercial use of Lancewood is on the decline. Although supplies are adequate, availability thorugh retail outlets in the US is limited. Boards are seldom available in widths greater than 5 or 6 inches (13 or 15 cm), which limits the use of Lancewood as a cabinetwood.Younger Lancewood trees are preferred over older trees since they contain a higher proportion of the commercially useful sapwood.

Environment profile: Status within range has not been officially determined

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow

Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Volumetric shrinkage is rather high

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good The wood is very strong, extremely elastic, and has good resistance to abrasion. The mechanical properties given are those of species in the genus that grows in Panama and corresponds to a basic specific gravity of 0.75

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Boring operations are moderately difficult because of high density

Carving: Heartwood is very difficult to treat

Cutting Resistance: Moderate to fairly difficult to saw

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Moderate moulding characteristics

Movement in Service: Moderate moulding characteristics

Nailing: Possible if prebored

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities

Routing recessing: Routing is easy

Sanding: Very Good Sanding Properties

Steam bending: Unsuitable

Screwing: Poor results, Possible if prebored; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Finish is generally satisfactory;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,73
Density 977 kg/m3
Bending Strength 1632 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength kg/cm2
Hardness 1257 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 199 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Weight 945 753 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 23226 psi
Density 61 lbs/ft3
Hardness 2773 lbs
Stiffness 2842 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.73
Weight 59 47 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 15 %

Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft 0
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
May require special tools to process
Density = high
The species is considerably stronger than White oak or Teak. It has exceptionally high bending strength qualities when air-dried

Arno, J. 1991. Oxandra lanceolata - Lancewood. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 258-259.Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonCox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFindlay, W.P.K.,1975,Timber: Properties and Uses,Crosby Lockwood Staples London,224PPForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La HabaraHMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer, Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryPatterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressSchiffino, J.,1945,Riqueza Forestal Dominicana (Three volumes,Secretaria de Estado de Agric. Ind. y TrabajoSwabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionWoods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
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