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NyatohNyatoh
Nyatoh (Palaquium spp.)

Family: Sapotaceae

Common names: Bitis, Nato, Nyatoh, Nyatoh batu, Payerra spp, Pencil cedar, Red silkwood

Distributed in: Australia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Nyatoh occurs extensively from Southeast Asia to the Philippines. It grows from Sumatra, throughout the Malay Peninsula to Borneo.

Common uses: Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Fixtures, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Moldings, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Turnery

Environment profile: Vulnerable

Tree size: The trees attain a height of 100 feet (30 m) or more, with trunk diameter of up to 36 inches (90 cm). Boles are sometimes fluted

Colors: the heart isBrown, Redand the sapwoodYellow, Yellowish.The grain isEven The grain is straight to shallowly interlocked. The timber is reported to resemble Makore, (Tieghemella heckellii) in appearance, and has a moire or watered silk figure , the textureMedium coarse to coarse

Natural durability: Perishable, Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles

Odor: No specific taste

Silica Content: High Some Palaquium timbers are siliceous

Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5

Drying Defects: May end-split and warp during drying. , Splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Comments: Palaquium and Payena are two separate but closely related genera, which are very similar in characteristics. They produce wood that are usually grouped in the Nyatoh or Bitis class. Nyatoh is a commercial grouping of species whose air-dry weights fall mostly between 38 and 45 lb/cu.ft or 610 and 720 kg/cu.m, but may be up to to 55 lb/cu.ft (880 kg/cu.m). They are often mixed and marketed with other light to medium-weight, red-colored timbers. Timbers in the Bitis class are described as heavier, and have weights greater than 55 lb/cu.ft (880 kg/cu.m). They are referred to as Nyatoh batu in Sabah (Malaysia)

Blunting Effect: High to severe Cutting edges may blunt severely, depending upon the amount of silica in the wood

Boring: Fairly difficult to very difficult

Carving: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Sawing properties are reported to vary with species, and silica content. There may also be some gum build-up on cutters

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Moulding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Movement in Service: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Nailing: Fair to Good , Pre-Boring Recommended

Planing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Siliceous timbers in the genus are rather difficult to work in planing, moulding, boring, and other woodworking operations since they tend to dull and gum-up cutting tools rapidly. Non-siliceous species are relatively easy to work, and finish to yield a smooth surface

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Response to hand tools is dependent upon amount of silica and gum in the wood

Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Sanding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Steam bending: Fair to Good Results

Screwing: Fair to Good Results, Pre-boring recommended; Turning: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Polishing: Fair to Good Non-Siliceous Palaquium timbers are reported to polish well;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,51
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 1074 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 74 kg/cm2
Hardness 531 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 82 kg/cm2
Stiffness 140 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 15288 psi
Crushing Strength 1063 psi
Hardness 1171 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 8369 psi
Shearing Strength 1176 psi
Stiffness 2001 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.51
Weight 37 30. lbs/ft3

Weight = heavy
Max. crushing strength = high
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very high
Bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content) is high - comparable to Teak. It is stronger than Hard maple, White oak, or Teak. It is fairly hard, resisting wear, denting, and marring fairly well

Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Desch, H. E. 1954. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume II. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore.EcoTimber International, San Francisco, California.Personal Communication, 1993.Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea.HMSO.1972.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza.1961.Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia.Technological Paper No. 12.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.The Ecological Trading Company Limited (ETC, Newcastle upon Tyre, United Kingdom.Troup, R.S. 1909. Indian Woods and Their Uses. The Indian Forest Memoirs, Economic Products Series, Volume 1, No. 1. Superintendent, Government Printing, Calcutta, India.
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