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White seraya (Parashorea malaanonan)
Family: Dipterocarpaceae Common names: Anyit, Apnit, Bagtikan, Baiukan, Baiukan-pula, Bakoog, Balak-bakan, Baliuisuis, Banaliuan, Bayokan, Bayukan-pula, Bayukan-puti, Binaliuan, Buayahon, Cho-chi, Dalurot, Dangiog, Danglog, Danlig, Danlig-puti, Danlog, Daun lichin, Dunlog, Gagil, Gerutu gerutu, Guijo blanco, Hapnit, Lapnisan, Lasaan, Lauaan, Lauan, Lauan item, Lauan-barik, Lauan-danlog, Lauan-pula, Lauan-puti, Light red lauan, Litok, Malaanonang, Malaanonang na pula, Malakayan, Manggasinoro, Manlokoloko, Mayapis, Meranti putih, Murut, Pendan, Philippine mahogany, Seraya putah, Takuban, Takulau, Tavoy wood, Thingadu, Tiaong, Urat mata, White lauan, White seraya, Yauaan Distributed in: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines (Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: The species is distributed in large quantities in Sabah and the PhilippinesParashorea is a comparatively small genus, and is represented over a wide area from Burma, Indo-China, Sumatra and the mala Penisula in the west to Borneo and the Philippines in the east. P. plicata occurs in the Philippines, and is found on practically all the Islands, except in northern Luzon. It is considered as one of the most abundant species in the islands. Common uses: Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Core Stock, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Moldings, Musical instruments, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Particleboard, Plain veneer, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Stairworks, Stools, Stringers, Structural plywood, Sub-flooring, Toothpicks, Toys, Turnery, Utility plywood, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environment profile: Status within its natural growth range has not been officially assessed Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureUniformand the lusterSlightly lustrous
Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Susceptible to termite attack Odor: No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules: US=T10D5S/T8D4S Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Shrinkage from Green to 12% MC Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Tyloses are abundant in the wood. Some trees may contain brittleheart but it extends less than 120 mm from the pith Blunting Effect: Slight blunting effect on cutters Boring: Good (75+ pieces out of 100 will yield good to excellent results) Carving: Very good results Cutting Resistance: Saws well Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties Mortising: good Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing: Satisfactory nailing properties, Very Good to Excellent Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant Response to hand tools: Slight dulling effect on cutting edges Routing recessing: Routing is easy Sanding: Yields a smooth surface Veneering qualities: Easy to cut, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Steam bending: Very poor
Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Yields fairly smooth surfaces
Painting: Good; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Stains well; Varnishing: Varnish well after filling ;
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Max. crushing strength = medium 0 Hardness (side grain) = soft 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate 0 Shrinkage, Radial = very small 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low 0 Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0 Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Shrinkage, Volumetric = very small Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Tangential = small It compares favorably with Teak, which also has high bending strength. Some familiar species with high crushing strength parallel to grain include Hard maple, Teak, and White oak. It resists denting and marring about as well as white oak or birch. Weight = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = very soft Hardness (side grain) = medium Density = high Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Crushing strength = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content) is high Bending strength (MOR) = high Aguilar, L.,1941,Relative Durability of Untreated Philippine woods,The Philippine Journal of Forestry 4(3) pp247-56Ashton, P.S.,1964,A manual of the Dipterocarp trees of Brunei State,O.U.P. LondonBodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, SarawakBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No.5 Philippines and Japan,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBurgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1958. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume I - Dilleniaceae to Elaeocarpaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonCortes, R.T.,1940,Impact bending properties of twelve Philippine Dipterocarps,Philippine Journal of Forestry 3(3) pp325-43Desch, H.E.,1948,The Cedars,Wood 13(2) pp40-3Floresca, A.R.,1974,Shrinkage characteristics of Philippine mahogany,Foxpride Digest 3(1/2) pp85-6Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1960,Parashorea malaanonan (Blanco) Merr. Consignment 964,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Timber Leaflet 13Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFrance - Centre Technique du Bois,1967,Les Bois de Lauan,C.T.B. Bull. Inform. Tech. No.41Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza.1961.Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia.Technological Paper No. 12.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Kynoch, W., Norton, N.A.,1938,Mechanical Properties of certain tropical woods chiefly from S. America,School of Forestry and Conservation, University of Michigan Bulletin,No.7Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-HLavers, G. M.1966.The Strength Properties of Timbers.Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50.Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lomibao, B.A.,1973,Guide to the identification of the woods of Philippine Dipterocarpaceae,Foxpride Digest 2(2) pp26-34Meijer, W., Wood, G.H.S.,1964,Dipterocarps of Sabah (North Borneo,Sabah Forest Department, Forest Record No.5Meniado, J.A.,1974,Timbers of the Philippines Vol.I,Govt. Printing Office, ManilaReyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7Sarawak Forest Department,Trees and Timbers of Sarawak and Brunei,Sarawak Forestry Department Leaflet No.34Schneider, E.E. 1916. Commercial Woods of the Philippines: Their Preparation and Uses. Bulletin No. 14. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Forestry, Manila, Philippines.Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30Tamesis, F., Aguilar, L.,1953,The 'Philippine mahogany' and other Dipterocarp woods,Philippine Department of Agriculture and Natural Research Popular Bulletin,No.44Thomas, A.V.,1935,Tests from timbers from the state of North Borneo: Tests on urat mata,(Parashorea sp.) and belian (Eusideroxylon zwageri) in a green condition.,Malayan Forester 4 pp131-5Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72Varian, H.F., Gallardo, A.C.,1940,Notes on the susceptibility to insect attack of Philippine woods,Philippine Journal of forestry 3(3) pp347-78 |
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