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Purpleheart
Purpleheart (Peltogyne paniculata)

Family: Leguminosae

Common names: Algarrobito, Algarrobo, Amarante, Amaranth, Amarantholz, Barabu, Bois bagot, Bois de coeur, Bois pourpre, Bois puorpre, Bois violet, Daba, Dachitan, Ellongrypho, Guarabu, Guarabu branc, Guarabu preto, Guarabu rajado, Guarabu roxo, Guarabussu, Guarado vermelho, Hoepelhout, Koeroeboerelli, Kooroobooelli, Koorooboovelli, Koroboreli, Koroborelli, Kuroburelli, Kuruburelli, Lastan, Legno amaranto, Legno porpora, Legno violetto, Madera purpurea, Malako, Marado, Marako, Marawineroo, Morado, Moriadiana, Mu, Nazareno, Palo concha, Palo morado, Palo violeta, Pao rojo, Pao roxo, Pau ferro, Pau roxo, Pinyaukun, Poerprehati, Pourpre, Puperhart, Purperhart, Purpleheart, Purplewood, Purpuurhart, Rajado, Rarabu, Sacka, Sackaballi, Saka, Sakavalli, Sapater, Simirirang, Tananeo, Tangapaou, Tannaneo, Violet wood, Violetholz, Violetwood, Zapatero, Zeedrat

Distributed in: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, French Guiana, Guyana, Mexico, Suriname, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: The name Purpleheart is the trade of timber produced by about 20 species in the genus Peltogyne, including P. paniculata, which are found in Central America and tropical South America, from Mexico to southern Brazil. They are most common in the Amazon basin, and also grow in Colombia, Guyana, Surinam, and Venezuela

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Billiard-cue butts, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Construction, Decks, Decorative veneer, Dining-room furniture, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Door, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Marquetry, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Musical instruments, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Piling, Poles, Railroad ties, Shafts/Handles, Shipbuilding, Skis, Sporting Goods, Stairrails, Stairworks, Structural work, Tables , Tables, Tool handles, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative, Walking sticks, Wharf construction, Wheel spokes, Wheels

Product sources: The ITTO reports that timber production from this species is regular. The material is exported at a low but regular rate. Supplies are ample, but the wood is fairly expensive. It costs more than mahogany but less than teak. Although it has not found wide demand, Purpleheart is available on the US market in both the lumber and veneer forms.Limited quantities of Purpleheart in long lengths and wide boards are available on the European market at prices that are comparable to those of medium cost hardwoods. For construction use, Purpleheart is available for shipping in the dry condition only

Environment profile: Status within its natural growth range has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isRed, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5

Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp

Ease of Drying: Variable results.

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is not buttressed

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Mechanical properties of the wood are reported to lie somewhere between those of Greenheart (Ocotea ) and Oak (Quercus ). It has exceptional tolerance for shock loading. Purpleheart is highly desired by hobbyists and craftsmen who use the hard heavy wood in small projects. To protect against ultra-violet fading, a coat of Armorall, a car finish product, under a lacqeur application has been suggested. The treatment is reported to hold the color of the wood rather well against fading

Blunting Effect: High to severe

Boring: Use very sharp cutting edges to prevent grain from tearing

Cutting Resistance: Low cutting resistance because of softness

Gluing: Moderate gluing properties

Mortising: Moderately easy to mortise

Moulding: Very Good to Excellent

Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent

Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Pre-Boring is necessary

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Variable qualities

Routing recessing: Routing yields good results

Sanding: Good sanding finish

Veneering qualities: Easy to cut

Steam bending: Steaming can affect the color of the wood

Screwing: Easy to screw ; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Takes most finishes well ; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,73 0,78
Density 913 kg/m3
Bending Strength 1112 1579 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 587 814 kg/cm2
Hardness 1230 kg
Impact Strength 101 111 cm
Shearing Strength 186 kg/cm2
Stiffness 165 184 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 913 865 kg/m3
Maximum Load 1,05 1,4 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 312 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 15821 22461 psi
Density 57 lbs/ft3
Hardness 2713 lbs
Impact Strength 40 44 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 8360 11589 psi
Shearing Strength 2658 psi
Stiffness 2355 2628 1000 psi
Toughness 271 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 15 20 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.73 0.78
Weight 57 54 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 11 %

Bending strength (MOR) = high 0
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high 0
Hardness (side grain) = very hard 0
Max. crushing strength = very high 0
Max. crushing strength = high 0
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium
Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Weight = very heavy
Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Density = very high
Density (dry weight) = >75 lbs/cu. ft
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very high
Bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content) is very high
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
It is hard and superior to Teak and probably Mahogany

Bena, P.,1960,Essences Forestieres de Guyane,Bureau Agricole et Forestier Guyanais GuyanaBerni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBois et Forets des Tropiques,1954,Mukulungu (Autranella congolensis,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,36,pp25-28Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChen, C.L.,1962,The Physical Properties of 101 Chinese Woods,Forest Products Journal 12(7) pp339-42Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clark, H.S.,1931,Use of Amaranth (Peltogyne pubescens) for Interior trim and Flooring,Tropical Woods 4(25) pp1-3Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonEdmondson, C.H.,1949,Reaction of Woods from S.America and Caribbean areas to Marine Borers in,Hawaiian Waters,Caribbean Foresters,10(1,PP37-41Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFanshawe, D.B.,1948,Studies of the Trees of British Guiana Part 3,Tropical Woods,12(93,pp1-28Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1932,Preliminary tests on Timbers, Investigated under the auspices of the,Empire Timbers Committee: Properties of Purpleheart, Peltogyne pubescens,Benth,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Project 22,Investigation 11 21ppForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1935,Preliminary Tests on Timbers, Investigated under the auspices of the,Empire Timbers Committee: Properties of Purpleheart, Peltogyne pubescens,Benth. Addendum properties of air seasoned materials.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Project 22,Investigation 11 6ppForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentGuna et al, S.R.D.,1945,Notes on British Guiana Timbers,The 'Daily Chronicle' Ltd. Printers,28PPGuyana Forest Department,1951,British Guiana Timbers - Purpleheart (Peltogyne Spp.,British Guiana Forestry Department Leaflet No.4Harrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Jackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kaiser, J.1990.Wood of the Month Annual - Purpleheart:The Beautiful Oddball.Supplement to Wood and Wood Products, September 1990. Page 8A.Kline, M. 1980. Peltogyne paniculata - Purpleheart. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 262-263.Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Kynoch, W., Norton, N.A.,1938,Mechanical Properties of certain tropical woods chiefly from S. America,School of Forestry and Conservation, University of Michigan Bulletin,No.7Lavers, G.M. 1967.The Strength Properties of Timbers.Ministry of Technology, Forest Products Research, Bulletin No. 50. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207Nairn, P.M., Editor. 1936. Wood Specimens - 100 Reproductions in Color -A Series of Selected Timbers Reproduced in Natural Color with Introduction and Annotations by H.A. Cox. The Nema Press, Proprietors of Wood, London.Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressReyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30Surinam Forest Service,1952,Surinam Timber - A Summary with brief descriptions of the main timber,species of Surinam,Surinam Forest ServiceTakahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Tropical Timber Information Centre,1975,Purpleheart (Peltogyne Spp.,State University, New York TTIC Brief No.25Vink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed.
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