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Ataa
Ataa (Pentaclethra macrophylla)

Family: Leguminosae

Common names: Akpaka, Althawah, An-fal, Apara, Ataa, Atawa, Atawah, Ateba, Atewa, Atowa, Atta bean, Bala, Bali, Bbiah, Bemba, Blay-bu, Combolo, Djong-tu, Ebal, Ebe, Eklo, Ekuama, Ekuana, Essiri, Fa, Fa-weli, Faa, Fae, Fai, Fakha, Fawei, Gbangban, Gbiah, Kekung, Kenuri, Kombolo, Kommott, Lubamba, M'vanza, Marrone, Mba, Mbala, Mouala, Moulla-panza, Mubala, Nkpa, Nsangabare, Ogba, Oil bean tree, Okpagha, Okuw, Opaga, Otiabor, Ovala, Owala, Sicupira Africana, Tsaklo, Tshibambabamba, Ugba, Ukana, Ukpaghan, Ukpakara, Ukuna, Wild locust

Distributed in: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Zaire (Africa)

Distribution overview: The species is widely distributed in tropical Africa. It is also often cultivated as a roadside tree.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Boat building (general), Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Charcoal, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Excelsior, Factory construction, Flooring, Fuelwood, Handles, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Parquet flooring, Piling, Poles, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Shafts/Handles, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Vats, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction

Environment profile: Very secure within its natural range

Tree size: Trunk diameter is about 36 inches (100 cm).

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWell defined, White to yellow.The grain isVariable figure, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Very durable, Withstands adverse effects of weather

Odor: No specific smell or taste

LightInduced Color Change: None

Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed

Drying Defects: Distortion (twist/warp) is likely, Moderate surface checking

Ease of Drying: Requires care to minimize degrade

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Wood and bark are used for medicinal purposes. The wood has good fuel properties and is used for charcoal. The tree produces an edible fruit and the seeds yield up to 45% oil used for lubrication, candle and soap-making

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is severe

Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy

Nailing: Easy to nail, Nailing properties are variable

Planing: Easy to plane

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant heartwood

Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities

Sanding: Requires care in sanding

Screwing: Easy to screw ; Turning: The material is generally difficult to work with ordinary tools in most machining operations, including turning, moulding, mortising, and boring

Painting: Good; Polishing: Poor; Varnishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,83
Density 865 kg/m3
Bending Strength 1090 1487 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 173 kg/cm2
Hardness 1170 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 156 kg/cm2
Stiffness 158 175 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Weight 801 689 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 393 cm-kg
Static Bending 855 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 15504 21161 psi
Crushing Strength 2470 psi
Density 54 lbs/ft3
Hardness 2581 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 10524 psi
Shearing Strength 2225 psi
Static Bending 12162 psi
Stiffness 2249 2490 1000 psi
Toughness 342 inch-lbs
Specific Gravity 0.83
Weight 50 43 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 13 %

Mor/Bending strength = high
Max. crushing strength = high
46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Very high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Very hard
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Large
61-67 lbs/cu. ft.
Very high
Medium
Fairly large
Fairly large
Fairly large
67-75 lbs/cu. ft.
The species has very high bending strength, and is much stronger than Teak in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content). Maximum crushing strength, or compression parallel to grain, is exceptionally high. It is hard and superior to Teak and probably Mahogany. The species has very high density.

Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchCooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. BelguimFouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76France - Comite Nacional des Bois Coloniaux,1931,Etude Physique et Mecanique des Bois Coloniaux,Assoc. Colonies-Sciences & Comite National des Bios Coloniaux, Paris,,FranceHedin, L.,1930,Etude sur la Foret et les Bois du Cameroun,Haut-Commissaire de la CamerounIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonKeay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanKennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer LagosKryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Kunkel, G.,1965,The Trees of Liberia,German Forestry Mission to Liberia Report,No.3Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Meniaud, J., Bretonnet, F.,1926,Les Bois Coloniaux d'Afrique dans l'Industrie,Publ. de l'Agence Gen. des ColoniesPieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent BelguimRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSavill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra LeoneTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and SonsUnwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. LondonVoorhoeve, A.G.,1965,Liberian High Forest Trees,Centre for Agric. Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen
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