Wood inspector

Item	Green	Dry	Metric
Specific Gravity	0,35	0,37
Density		464	kg/m3
Bending Strength	389	661	kg/cm2
Crushing Strength	17	40	kg/cm2
Hardness		191	kg
Impact Strength	60	58	cm
Shearing Strength		74	kg/cm2
Stiffness	83	100	1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage	7		%
Radial Shrinkage	4		%
Weight	464	448	kg/m3
Maximum Load	0,42	0,56	cm-kg/cm3
Toughness		149	cm-kg
Static Bending	213	392	kg/cm2

31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Work to Maximum Load = very low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Low
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low
Low
Low
Toughness (total work) = very low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Mor/Bending strength = very low
Medium
Max. crushing strength = very low
Low
Low
Trength properties are moderate, but the timber has above average stiffness. It has medium bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content). Compression strength parallel to grain, or maximum crushing strength, is also medium. The wood is soft, and surfaces may dent easily. Weight is about average. Resin from both Red and Black spruce is the source of spruce gum, predecessor of modern chewing gum. The young leafy twigs of the tree were also a source of spruce beer, after boiling and adding flavoring and sugar.

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