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Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)
Family: Pinaceae Common names: Banks pine, Banksian pine, Black pine, Cypress pine, Gray pine, Grey pine, Hudson Bay pine, Jack pine, Juniper bull pine, Northern scrub pine, Pine, Princess pine, Scrub pine, Spruce pine Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America) Distribution overview: The most northerly of the pines, this North American species grows from near the Arctic Circle in the valley of the Mackenzie River through the Canadian forest belt and as far south as Maine. It is found in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, and the Yukon Territory in Canada. Its range in the United States include Alaska, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New York, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Indiana, Wisconsin, and West Virginia. The tree prefers to grow in sandy soils, dunes, and on outcrops, and is usually found in large pure stands at elevations of up to 2000 feet (610 m). Common uses: Bent Parts, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Casks, Concrete formwork, Construction, Cooperages, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Foundation posts, Fuelwood, Garage doors/Overhead garage doors, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Light construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Packing cases, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Railroad ties, Rough construction, Shakes, Sheathing, Shingles, Siding, Stakes, Trimming, Utility poles, Vats, Wainscotting, Windows Product sources: Jack pine lumber is often graded with the spruces and marketed in the Spruce-Pine-Fir group. Environment profile: Widespread, abundant and globally secure Tree size: Trunk diameter is 300-350 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureUnevenand the lusterLow
Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very little natural resistance to decay in ground contact Odor: Non-Characteristic resinous odor Kiln Schedules: UK=L US=T146C6S/T12C5S Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly
Drying Defects: Moderate surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Blunting Effect: Little Boring: Very good to excellent results Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing: Very Good to Excellent Results Mortising: Very Good to Excellent Moulding: Very Good to Excellent Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent Nailing: Satisfactory resistance to decay above ground , Very Good to Excellent Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting: Satisfactory Response to hand tools: Responds satisfactorily to most machining operations Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy
Screwing: Screwing yields good results, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Satisfactory; Varnishing: Good;
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Hardness (side grain) = very soft Bending strength (MOR) = low Work to Maximum Load = very low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Not hard Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Moderate weight Medium impact resistance Medium bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12% moisture content) Dents and marrs easily Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = very low Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADACanadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonDallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonForest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingLittle, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf.MacDonald, J., R.F. Wood, M.V. Edwards and J.R. Aldhous, Editors. 1957. Exotic Forest Trees in Great Britain. Forestry Commission Bulletin No. 30.Paper Prepared for the Seventh British Commonwealth Forestry Conference, Australia and New Zealand. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Martawijaya, A., Kadir, K., Kartasujana, I.,1986,Indonesian Wood Atlas. Vol.1.,Department of Forestry Agency for Forestry Research and Development.,Bogar-IndonesiaMirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783.Mullins, E.J. and McKnight, T.S.,1981,Canadian Woods Their Properties and Uses,University of Toronto Press 3rd EditionPanshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRudolph, R.D.,1985,American Woods - Jack Pine,USDA, Forest Service American Woods FS-252T.R.A.D.A.,1942,Home-grown timber trees - their characteristics, cultivation and Uses,TRADATimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Van der Slooten, H.J., Llach Cordero, L.,1969,Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in,Costa Rica,Turrialba 19(2) 284-90 |
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