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Slash pineSlash pine
Slash pine (Pinus elliottii)

Family: Pinaceae

Common names: American pitch pine, Gulf Coast pitch pine, Pino tea, Slash pine, Swamp pine, Yellow slash pine

Distributed in: Brazil, Canada, Fiji [Polynesia], New Zealand, South Africa, United States (Africa, Latin America, North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Although it was originally named Pinus elliottii , Slash pine has been called Pinus caribaea at one time and P. heterophylla at another. The species occurs in the Coastal Plains, from the southern part of South Carolina to southern Florida, and west to southeastern Louisiana. The tree usually grows in lowland areas such as swamps or slashes, including poorly drained sandy soils, and is also found on uplands and old fields. It often grows in pure stands as a subclimax species after fires, as well as in mixed forests. Slash pine prefers to grow mostly near sea level, but is also be found in localized areas at elevations of up to 500 feet (152 m).

Common uses: Beams, Boat building, Boxes and crates, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Construction, Excelsior, Furniture, Hardboards, Heavy construction, Joinery, Joists, Millwork, Mine timbers, Novelties, Pallets, Paneling, Particleboard, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Rafters, Railroad cars, Railroad ties, Rough construction, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Silos, Stringers, Structural plywood, Structural work, Veneer, Warehouse construction, Woodenware

Product sources: Slash pine is widely cultivated in forest plantations, both inside and outside its natural range.Slash pine is considered an important species for timber production, and is a primary source of lumber for naval stores, as well as a variety of other uses.Southern yellow pines which include Slash pine (P. elliottii), Longleaf pine (P. palustris), Loblolly pine (P. taeda), and Shortleaf pine (P. echinata) are very difficult to separate and are usually mixed together and marketed on the basis of density.

Environment profile: Questionable

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellowand the sapwoodWhitish to yellowish, orange-white, or pale yellow , Yellow.The grain isHighly figured, with patterns ranging from clear to knotty , the textureMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable

Odor: Very fine

Kiln Schedules: Regular T13-C6(4/4); T12-C5 (8/4) Schedule L (4/4) United Kingdom

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly

Drying Defects: Excessive drying temperatures may cause checks, splits and brown sapwood stains , Splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Blunting Effect: Moderate blunting effect on cutting edges

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Cutting Resistance: Moderate cutting resistance

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Very Good to Excellent , Very good nail-holding properties

Planing: It planes, turns, moulds, bores, and mortises fairly well to yield generally clean finishes

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Responds fairly wel to hand tools, with moderate cutting resistance

Sanding: Good sanding properties

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Unsuitable for steam bending applications because of high resin content

Screwing: Very Good to Excellent Results, Very good screw holding qualities; Turning: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Painting: Satisfactory painting properties ; Polishing: Fairly satisfactory finishing treatments ; Staining: Responds fairly satisfactoril to most finishing treatments ; Varnishing: Takes varnishes satisfactorily ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,51 0,55
Density 624 kg/m3
Bending Strength 557 968 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 36 70 kg/cm2
Hardness 144 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 102 kg/cm2
Stiffness 93 116 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 608 464 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,7 0,91 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 299 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7934 13768 psi
Crushing Strength 519 1000 psi
Density 39 lbs/ft3
Hardness 319 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 3519 6791 psi
Shearing Strength 1463 psi
Stiffness 1331 1654 1000 psi
Toughness 260 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 10 13 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.51 0.55
Weight 38 29 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 12 %

Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Max. crushing strength = low
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
High weight
High in density
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = high

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Kaiser, Jo-Ann.Wood of the Month:Southern Pine - The Commercial Name for 10 Species.Wood & Wood Products, June, 1991.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783.NWFA.1994.Wood Species Used in Wood Flooring.Technical Publication No. A200.National Wood Flooring Association, Manchester, MO.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. 307,1207,97,810,535,859,515USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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