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Spruce pine
Spruce pine (Pinus glabra)

Family: Betulaceae

Common names: Cedar pine, Pine, Spruce pine, Walter pine

Distributed in: United States (North America)

Distribution overview: The least common of the southeastern United States pines, the species occurs singly or in groups on the low terraces in a mixture with hardwoods and with Loblolly and Shortleaf pines. Its natural growth range is the coastal plains from eastern South Carolina to northern Florida and west to southeastern Lousiana. Spruce pine is often a minor component of mixed swamp forests, and prefers moist lowland soils, particularly along rivers. It grows from sea level to elevations of up to 500 feet (152 m).

Environment profile: Some long-term concern for the species

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isAges to dark rich shade of reddish-brown upon exposure , Whiteand the sapwoodWhite, Whitish.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium

Natural durability: Resistant to powder post beetles, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid

Ease of Drying: Rapidly

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Poor to Very Poor

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Poor to Very Poor

Resistance to Impregnation: Permeable sapwood

Response to hand tools: Easy to Work

Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Turning: Poor to Very Poor Results


  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 413 716 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 19 50 kg/cm2
Hardness 293 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 102 kg/cm2
Stiffness 68 84 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 5880 10192 psi
Crushing Strength 274 715 psi
Hardness 647 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 2783 5537 psi
Shearing Strength 1460 psi
Stiffness 980 1205 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.38 0.4

Soft wood, with surfaces denting easily
Medium bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12% moisture content)
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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