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Western white pineWestern white pine
Western white pine (Pinus monticola)

Family: Pinaceae

Common names: Idaho white pine, Mountain pine, Mountain white pine, Pine, Silver pine, Soft pine, Western white pine, White pine

Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)

Distribution overview: This species occurs in Alberta, British Columbia, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington. It grows primarily in western Montana and northern Idaho. Western white pine is sometimes referred to as 'Idaho White pine' because it attain its best development in Idaho. The tree is often found in mixed forests, occasionally in nearly pure stands, in moist mountain soils, and grows from sea level to an elevation of up to 3500 feet (1067 m) in the northern parts of its range, and to 6000 to 9800 feet (1829 to 2987 m) in the south.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: masts, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Domestic flooring, Drawing boards, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Factory flooring, Flooring, Furniture, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Matchboxes, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Packing cases, Paneling , Paneling, Partitions, Plywood, Rafters, Roofing, Shakes, Sheathing, Shingles, Siding, Sub-flooring, Toys, Trimming, Vehicle parts, Wainscotting

Environment profile: Widespread, abundant and globally secure

Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMedium coarse to coarse

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: Slight resinous odor

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: UK=L US=T146C6S/T12C5S

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly

Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp

Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Slight blunting effect on cutting edges

Boring: Responds very well to boring

Carving: Very Good to Excellent Results

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw, especially if cutting edges are kept very sharp

Gluing: Moderate gluing properties

Mortising: Finishes well

Moulding: Very good moulding properties

Movement in Service: Very good moulding properties

Nailing: Satisfactory resistance to decay above ground , Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Works to yield very clean and smooth surfaces

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant

Resistance to Splitting: Satisfactory

Response to hand tools: Yields a smooth, clean finish

Routing recessing: Routing yields good results

Sanding: Good sanding properties

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Generally unsuitable for steam bending

Screwing: Screwing yields good results, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Turns well

Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,32 0,35
Density 416 kg/m3
Bending Strength 371 648 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 14 31 kg/cm2
Hardness 168 kg
Impact Strength 45 48 cm
Shearing Strength 68 kg/cm2
Stiffness 83 99 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 432 416 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,35 0,56 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 109 cm-kg
Static Bending 199 378 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 5289 9229 psi
Crushing Strength 206 451 psi
Density 26 lbs/ft3
Hardness 372 lbs
Impact Strength 18 19 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 2445 4698 psi
Shearing Strength 970 psi
Static Bending 2842 5390 psi
Stiffness 1189 1422 1000 psi
Toughness 95 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 5 8 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.32 0.35
Weight 27 26 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 11 %

Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Max. crushing strength = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Work to Maximum Load = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Toughness (total work) = very low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low
Surfaces may dent easily
Soft
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Medium weight
Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Bending strength (MOR) = very low
Bending strength (MOR) = medium

Bendsten, B.A.,1972,Important Structural Properties of Four Western Softwoods: White Pine,,Sugar Pine, Western Redcedar, Port-Orford Cedar,USDA Forest Service Research Paper FPL191Betts, H.S.,1954,American Woods - Western White Pine,USDA, Forest Service American WoodsBois et Forets des Tropiques,1984,Wapa- Eperua falcata, E. grandiflora, E. rubignosa,Bois et Forets des Tropiques Vol.204 p.69-72Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, LondonBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADACanadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonDallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonForest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Little, E.L.1980.The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783.Mullins, E.J. and McKnight, T.S.,1981,Canadian Woods Their Properties and Uses,University of Toronto Press 3rd EditionPanshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressTimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Western Wood Products Association.19__.Softwoods of the Western USA.Published and Distributed by the Western Wood Products Association, Yeon Building, 522 S.W. Fifth Avenue, Portland, Oregon.Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85Wood, A.D.,1963,Plywoods of the World: Their Development, Manufacture and,Application,Johnston & Bacon Ltd. Edinburgh & London
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