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Austrian pine
Austrian pine (Pinus nigra)

Family: Pinaceae

Common names: Austrian pine, Bosnian pitch pine, Corsican black pine, Corsican pine

Distributed in: Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Macedonia, Slovenia, Spain (Eastern Europe, Western Europe)

Common uses: Boxes and crates, Concrete formwork, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Lock gates, Mine timbers, Paneling, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Turnery

Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isGrowth rings (figure), the textureMedium coarse to coarse

Natural durability: Perishable, Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles

Odor: Has an odor

Kiln Schedules: Drying (speed) is fast

Drying Defects: Expect resin/gum exudation, Expect slight degrade due to knots, splits, and loosening

Ease of Drying: Easy

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Cutting Resistance: Gum-Up

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Resistance to Splitting: Satisfactory

Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work

Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Veneering qualities: Easy to cut, No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting

Steam bending: Unsuitable

Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent Results;

Painting: Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Polishing: Surface Preparation; Staining: Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Varnishing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 480 kg/m3
Bending Strength 422 656 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 233 391 kg/cm2
Hardness 298 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 85 kg/cm2
Stiffness 95 110 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 464 400 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,84 1,19 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 6010 9341 psi
Density 30 lbs/ft3
Hardness 657 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 3324 5570 psi
Shearing Strength 1221 psi
Stiffness 1358 1568 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 12 17 inch-lbs/in3
Weight 29 25 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %

Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Max. crushing strength = medium
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Work to Maximum Load = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Max. crushing strength = low
Bending strength (MOR) = very low
Bending strength (MOR) = medium

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 6 Europe,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonFindlay, W.P.K.,1975,Timber: Properties and Uses,Crosby Lockwood Staples London,224PPForest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1937,A Handbook of Home-Grown Timbers,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1967,The Steam Bending Properties of various timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet,No.45Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Redding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30T.R.A.D.A.,1942,Home-grown timber trees - their characteristics, cultivation and Uses,TRADA
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