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Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)
Family: Pinaceae Common names: American pitch pine, Cedar pine, Florida longleaf pine, Florida yellow pine, Georgia pine, Georgia yellow pine, Hard pine, Heart pine, Long leaf pitch pine, Longleaf pine, Longleaf pitch pine, Longstraw pine, Palustris pine, Palustris-den, Pine, Pitch pine, Southern yellow pine, Spruce pine, Straw pine, Texas yellow pine, Walter pine, Yellow pine Distributed in: United States (North America) Distribution overview: The species is found in well-drained sandy soils of flatlands and sandhills, and often grows in pure stands. Its range is mainly confined to the sandy and gravelly deposits of the Coastal Plains, from southeastern Virginia to eastern Florida, and west to eastern Texas. Longleaf pine essentiallys grow at sea level, usually below 600 feet (183 m), but is also found at elevations of up to 2000 feet (615 m) in the foothilhs of Piedmont. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Beams, Boards, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: masts, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chemical derivatives, Crossties, Decks, Decorative veneer, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Dressed boards, Factory construction, Fiberboard, Figured veneer, Flooring, Furniture, Harbor work, Hardboards, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Joists, Light construction, Lock gates, Lumber, Marine construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Musical instruments, Naval architecture, Paneling , Parquet flooring, Particleboard, Piling, Planks, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Porch columns, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Rough boards/dimension stock, Rough construction, Sporting Goods, Structural plywood, Structural work, Studs, Sub-flooring, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wharf construction Environment profile: Widespread, abundant and globally secure Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow to golden-yellow to orange, Yellow, but may contain blue-black sap stain and the sapwoodWhitish to yellowish, orange-white, or pale yellow , Yellow.The grain isStraight and uneven , the textureUniform
Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable Odor: Very fine Kiln Schedules: UK=L US=T146C6S/T12C5S Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly Drying Defects: Slight end splitting, Slight surface checking Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Blunting Effect: Moderate blunting effect on cutting edges Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance: Moderate cutting resistance Gluing: Moderate gluing properties Mortising: Very Good to Excellent Moulding: Very Good to Excellent Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent Nailing: Very Good to Excellent , Very good nail-holding properties Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting: Satisfactory Response to hand tools: Responds fairly wel to hand tools, with moderate cutting resistance Routing recessing: Very Good to Excellent Results Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy Steam bending: Unsuitable for steam bending applications because of high resin content
Screwing: Very Good to Excellent Results, Very good screw holding qualities; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Work to Maximum Load = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Resists wearing and marring Resists denting and marring High weight High in density Hardness = medium Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.Betts, H.S.,1954,American Woods - The Southern Pines,USDA, Forest Service American WoodsBolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Brooks, R.L., et al,1941,Durability tests on Untreated Timbers in Trinidad,Caribbean Forester,2(3,pp101-119Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADAClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonDallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonForest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1957,Timbers for Flooring,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Bulletin, No.40Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKaiser, Jo-Ann.Wood of the Month:Southern Pine - The Commercial Name for 10 Species.Wood & Wood Products, June, 1991.Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783.NWFA.1994.Wood Species Used in Wood Flooring.Technical Publication No. A200.National Wood Flooring Association, Manchester, MO.Oliver, A.C.,1974,Timber for Marine and Freshwater Construction,TRADA, LondonPanshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRedding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonRijsdijk, L.F. and Laming, P.B.,1994,Physical and Related Properties of 145 Timbers, Information for,Practice,TNO Building and Construction Research Centre for Timber Research Kluwer,Academic PublishersScott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. LondonTimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionUSDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. |
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