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Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)
Family: Pinaceae Common names: Big pine, Bird's-eye pine, Black jack pine, Black pine, Blackjack pine, British Colombia soft pine, Bull pine, Californian white pine, Knotty pine, Lodgepole pine, Oregon pine, Pine, Pitch pine, Pole pine, Ponderosa pine, Pondosa pine, Prickly pine, Western pine, Western soft pine, Western yellow pine, Yellow pine Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America) Distribution overview: The most widely distributed of the pines in North America, Ponderosa pine grows from British Columbia to near the Mexican border. The species is found in Alberta, British Columbia, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. It grow mostly in the mountains, often in pure stands to form extensive forests, but may also be in mixed coniferous forests. Ponderosa pine grow from sea level in the northern parts of its range to an altitude of up 9000 feet (2745 m) in the south, with the best stand of trees occuring between 4000 and 8000 feet (1220 and 2440 m). Common uses: Agricultural implements, Beams, Bedroom suites, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Coffins, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Factory construction, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, General carpentry, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior trim, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Pallets, Paneling , Paneling, Particleboard, Partitions, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Roofing, Screens, Toys, Turnery, Veneer Environment profile: Widespread, abundant and globally secure Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m
Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Whitish to pale yellow .The grain isStraight and even , the textureUniform
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Very little natural resistance to attack by decay fungi and other wood destroying organisms Odor: No specific taste Kiln Schedules: UK=L US=T146C6S/T12C5S Drying Defects: Expect resin/gum exudation, May warp during drying due to juvenile and compression wood Ease of Drying: Rapid conversion of logs and seasoning of lumber to prevent blue stains Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Comments: Abnormal wood tissue in the form of compression wood may be present General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Slight blunting effect on cutting edges Boring: Responds very well to boring Cutting Resistance: Saws well Gluing: Moderate gluing properties Mortising: Finishes well Moulding: Very good moulding properties Movement in Service: Very good moulding properties Nailing: Satisfactory resistance to decay above ground , Very Good to Excellent Planing: Very good planning properties Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting: Good
Response to hand tools: Works easily with hand tools, with little blunting effect on cutting edges Routing recessing: Routing yields good results Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering qualities: No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting, Suitable for peeling Steam bending: Poor to Very Poor Results
Screwing: Screwing yields good results, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Turns well
Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Takes variety of finishes well ;
Hardness (side grain) = very soft 0 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low 1 Bending strength (MOR) = low 1 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 0 Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Work to Maximum Load = very low Max. crushing strength = low Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Toughness (total work) = very low Toughness (total work) = low Bending strength (MOR) = very low Surfaces may dent or scratch easily Soft Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Medium bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12% moisture content) Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Average weight Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, LondonBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADACanadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonDallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonForest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kaiser, Jo-Ann.Wood of the Month:Ponderosa Pine - The Star of the Western Pines.Wood & Wood Products, August, 1991.Page 54.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Kotok, E.S.,1973,American Woods - Ponderosa Pine,USDA, Forest Service American Woods FS-254Kukachka, B.F.,1962,Characters of Some Imported Woods,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Foreign Wood Series,No.2242Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Little, E.L.1980.The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Published Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Little, E.L.1980.The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783.Mullins, E.J. and McKnight, T.S.,1981,Canadian Woods Their Properties and Uses,University of Toronto Press 3rd EditionPanshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressTimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Western Wood Products Association.19__.Softwoods of the Western USA.Published and Distributed by the Western Wood Products Association, Yeon Building, 522 S.W. Fifth Avenue, Portland, Oregon.Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85Wood, A.D.,1963,Plywoods of the World: Their Development, Manufacture and,Application,Johnston & Bacon Ltd. Edinburgh & London |
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