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Radiata pine (Pinus radiata)
Family: Pinaceae Common names: Insignis, Insignis pine, Insignis-den, Insular pine, Monterey pine, Pino insigne, Radiata pine, Red pine, Remarkable pine Distributed in: Argentina, Australia, Chile, Greece, Guadeloupe, India, Kenya, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, Spain, Tanzania, United States (Africa, Latin America, North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia, Western Europe) Distribution overview: Although the natural range of Radiata pine is extremely small, (three localities on the coast of central California in the fog belt that extends about 6 miles (9.7 km) inland) its present expansion in the Southern Hemisphere through cultivation quites substantial. The species is cultivated on a commercial scale in New Zealand, Australia, Chile, and South Africa. It has also been successfully cultivated in Spain, France, Argentina, Greece, and India, and a variety of Radiata pine is also reported to grow in Guadeloupe Island and Mexico. The tree prefers to grow on slopes, in coarse soils, usually sandy loams, and is often found in pure stands or with Monterey cypress, Gowen cypress, and Coast live oak. Common uses: Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Broom handles, Brush backs & handles, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Construction, Decks, Decorative veneer, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Form work, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Matches, Moldings, Packing cases, Paneling , Paneling, Particleboard, Piling, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Railroad ties, Roofing, Rough construction, Shingles, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wainscotting Product sources: Supplies of Ponderosa pine are substantial, with large inventories in both pure and mixed Ponderosa pine forests. The species is generally considered to be the most commercially important of the western pines. Environment profile: Threatened species within natural habitat
Its population on the Guadeloupe Island is especially vulnerable, but it has been successfully and widely planted in many areas in the southern hemisphere where pines are known to be non-native
Native to southern California
Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Wide.The grain isStraight, the textureUniformand the lusterHigh
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Very little natural resistance to attack by decay fungi and other wood destroying organisms Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: UK=K US=T13C4S/T11D3S Drying Defects: Moderate cupping, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as poor Boring: Moderately easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance: Fairly easy to saw Gluing: Good gluing properties Mortising: Finishes poorly Moulding: Good finishing Movement in Service: Good finishing Nailing: Holds nails well, Satisfactory resistance to decay above ground Planing: Works rather easily dulling Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting: Excellent
Response to hand tools: Responds Readily Routing recessing: Satisfactory routing results Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Veneering qualities: Good gluing qualities, No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Steam bending: Poor
Screwing: Good screw holding properties, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Turns with moderate ease
Painting: Good; Polishing: Satisfactory polishing characteristics ; Staining: Stains well; Varnishing: Satisfactory;
Bending strength (MOR) = low 0 Max. crushing strength = medium 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 0 Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Max. crushing strength = low 0 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low 0 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low 0 Hardness (side grain) = soft 0 Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Hardness (side grain) = very soft Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Toughness (total work) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Work to Maximum Load Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Toughness (total work) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Moderate shock resistance Low stiffness Crushing strength = medium Most of the commercially available timber of Radiata pine is composed of fast grown plantation trees. These trees are reported to contain very high percentage of sapwood which makes them very easy to treat with preservatives. Radiata pine is steadily growing as a replacement for the more expensive Ponderosa pine in the United States. Genetic improvements in Chile have resulted in Radiata pine trees that are relatively free from knots and are also high in physical and mechanical properties Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1968,Working Properties of some Native and Imported Timbers,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.8Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1988,Furniture Timbers of New South Wales,Forest Commission, N.S.W., Aust. Tech. Publication No.1Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBier, H.,1983,The strength properties of small clear specimens of New Zealand-grown,timber,New Zealand Forest Service Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.41Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, MelbourneBois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World No.1 Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBryce, J. and Kitambi, G.,1960,The Air-drying Properties of some Tanganyika Timbers Technical Note No 23,Tanganyika Forest Department Utilisation Division Technical NoteBryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiBurton, R.D. and J.T. Miller.Introduced Forest Trees in New Zealand: Recognition, Role, and Seed Source, 12. Radiata pine (Pinus radiata). New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd., Bulletin 124.Cown, D.J. 1992. New Zealand Radiata pine and Douglas fir, Sutability for Processing. New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd, Bulletin 168.Da Costa, E.W.B., Osborne, L.D.,1967,Comparative decay resistance of 26 New Guinea timber species in,accelerated laboratory tests,Comm. Forestry Review 46(1) pp63-74Dadswell, H.E., Eckersley, A.M.,1935,The Identification of the Principal Commercial Australian Timbers other,than eucalyptus,Australian C.S.I.R.O. Bulletin NO.90Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonDitchburne, N., Kloot, N.H. and Rumball, B.,1975,The Mechanical Properties of Australian-grown Pinus radiata D.Don,CSIRO, Australia, Division of Building Research, Technical Paper No.9Findlay, W.P.K.,1975,Timber: Properties and Uses,Crosby Lockwood Staples London,224PPForest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38Forestry Commission of New South Wales,1987,Timbers used in New South Wales for Domestic Buildings,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.6Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKaiser, J. 1994. Wood of the Month: Radiata Pine - A Perfect Plantation Timber. Wood and Wood Products, March, 1994. Page 48.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Lavers, G.M. 1967.The Strength Properties of Timbers.Ministry of Technology, Forest Products Research, Bulletin No. 50. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98MacDonald, J., R.F. Wood, M.V. Edwards and J.R. Aldhous, Editors. 1957. Exotic Forest Trees in Great Britain. Forestry Commission Bulletin No. 30.Paper Prepared for the Seventh British Commonwealth Forestry Conference, Australia and New Zealand. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783.Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.New Zealand Forest Research Institute,1988,New Zealand Radiata Pine A technical appraisal of produce, processes and,uses,Ministry of Forestry, Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New ZealandNew Zealand Ministry of Forestry.Properties and Uses of New Zealand Radiata Pine, Volume 11 - Wood Properties. Kinmouth, J.A. and L.J. Whitehouse, Editors. Ministry of Forestry, New Zealand.Paterson,1961,Average mechanical and physical properties of Kenya exotic softwoods,Kenya Forest Department, Technical Note No.82 (revised 1963)Poynton, R.J.,1957,Notes on Exotic Forest Trees in South Africa (Second Edition, Revised,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.38Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonRijsdijk, L.F. and Laming, P.B.,1994,Physical and Related Properties of 145 Timbers, Information for,Practice,TNO Building and Construction Research Centre for Timber Research Kluwer,Academic PublishersScott, M.H.,1951,The Quality and Uses of Exotic Softwoods in South Africa,Empire Forestry Review 30:235-249Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36Sekhar, A.C.; Shukla, N.K. and Gandhi, B.L.,1974,A Note on the Strength Properties of some Exotic Species.,Van Vigyan XII (1-4) 1-7Smith, S.W. and Entrican, A.R.,1957,Forestry in New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.1Stewart, A.M., Kloot, N.H.,1957,Mechanical Properties of Timbers,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.279Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Tanzania Forest Division,1967,The Weights and Shrinkage of some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sect. Technical Note,No.25The Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd. |
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