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Pitch pine
Pitch pine (Pinus rigida)

Family: Betulaceae

Common names: Pine, Pitch pine

Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)

Distribution overview: This North America species is distributed in Ontario, Quebec, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Minnesota, North Carolina, Great Smoky Mountain National Park, Illinois, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, and West Virginia. It forms pure stands initially which are gradually replaced by hardwoods, and is also found in mixed forests. The tree prefers shallow sands and gravels on steep slopes and ridges, as well as in river valleys and swamps. Pitch pine grow from sea level to an elevation of slightly over 3000 feet (900 m), occasionally higher.

Common uses: Core Stock, Crossties, Decorative veneer, Fiberboard, Figured veneer, Hardboards, Mine timbers, Particleboard, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Plain veneer, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Railroad ties, Structural plywood, Utility crossarms, Utility plywood, Utility poles, Veneer

Environment profile: Widespread, abundant, and secure in most areas within its range

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isRed, Various shades of yellow and orange to reddish brown or light brown and the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isGenerally straight, but may be somewhat uneven , the textureMediumand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very little natural resistance to decay in ground contact

Odor: Strong resinous odor

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Comments: Abnormal wood tissue in the form of compression wood may be present

Blunting Effect: Moderate blunting effect on cutting edges

Cutting Resistance: Resin exudation may gum up sawteeth

Gluing: Easy to glue

Nailing: Good nail holding properties , Pre-Boring Recommended

Planing: Responds fairly well to most ordinary machine tools, with moderate blunting effect

Resistance to Impregnation: Difficult to treat with presevatives

Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work

Sanding: Good sanding properties

Steam bending: Unsuitable for steam bending applications because of high resin content

Screwing: Good screw holding properties, Pre-boring recommended;

Painting: Satisfactory painting properties ; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Responds fairly well to most finishing treatmens ; Varnishing: Takes varnishes satisfactorily ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,44 0,48
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 468 744 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 24 56 kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 93 kg/cm2
Stiffness 82 98 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,63 0,63 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 6664 10584 psi
Crushing Strength 353 804 psi
Maximum Crushing Strength 2891 5821 psi
Shearing Strength 1333 psi
Stiffness 1176 1401 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 9 9 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.44 0.48
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 11 %

Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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