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Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)
Family: Pinaceae Common names: American yellow pine, Austrian white pine, Canadain white pine, Canadian yellow pine, Cork pine, Eastern white pine, Northern white pine, Ottawa pine, Ottawa white pine, Pattern pine, Pumpkin pine, Quebec pine, Quebec yellow pine, Sapling pine, Soft pine, Weymouth pine, Yellow pine Distributed in: Canada, Mexico, United States (Central America, North America) Distribution overview: Eastern white pine (also called Weymouth pine in England where it is widely planted) occurs extensively in North America. Its growth range extends from Newfoundland and Quebec west to central Ontario and southeastern Manitoba, south to Minnesota, northeasrn Iowa, northern Illinois, northwestern Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, and south in the mountains to western North Carolina, northern Georgia, and Tennessee. It is also reported to occur locally in western Kentuck and western Tennessee. The tree prefers well-drained sandy soils, and is sometimes found in pure stands from near sea level to an altitude of about 2000 feet (615 m), and up to 5000 feet (1525 m) in the southern Appalachians. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Balusters, Beams, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: masts, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Caskets, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Coffins, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Decks, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Drawing boards, Drum sticks, Excelsior, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Flooring, Food containers, Furniture , Furniture, General carpentry, Interior trim, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Musical instruments , Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Novelties, Paneling , Paneling, Sculpture, Shade rollers, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Toys, Woodenware Environment profile: Widespread, abundant and globally secure Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m
Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable Odor: Non-Descriptive resinous odor LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=L US=T146C6S/T12C5S Drying Defects: Sap stain is common , Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Variable Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is unknown
Comments: Abnormal wood tissue in the form of compression wood may be present General finishing qualities are rated as good Yields ingredient used in cough syrups for treatments of bronchial ailments Blunting Effect: Slight dulling effect on cutting tools Boring: Responds well to boring Carving: Responds well to carving operations
Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing: Good gluing properties Mortising: Generally mortises well Moulding: Good moulding properties Movement in Service: Good moulding properties Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Satisfactory resistance to decay above ground Planing: Soft, very uniform in texture and is very easy to work Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting: Satisfactory Response to hand tools: Yields clean surfaces Routing recessing: Routing yields good results Sanding: Good sanding properties Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy Steam bending: Very poor steam bending characteristics
Screwing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Painting: Good; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Stains easily ; Varnishing: Good varnishing properties ;
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Radial = very small Toughness (total work) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very low Work to Maximum Load Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Soft Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Moderate weight Medium bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12% moisture content) May dent easily Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Average density Arno, J. 1991. Pinus strobus - Eastern white pine. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 274-275.Betts, H.S.,1954,American Woods - Eastern White Pine,USDA, Forest Service American WoodsBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, LondonBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADACanadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonDallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonForest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchGrewal, G.S.,1979,Air seasoning properties of some Malaysian timbers,Malaysia Forestry Department, Forest Service, Trade Leaflet No.41Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kaiser, J.Wood of the Month: Eastern white pine - A Noble Species.Wood & Wood Products, January, 1992.Page 46.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Lavers, G. M.1966.The Strength Properties of Timbers.Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50.Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Lindquist, J.L.,1974,American Woods - Redwood,USDA, Forest Service American woods FS262Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783.Mullins, E.J. and McKnight, T.S.,1981,Canadian Woods Their Properties and Uses,University of Toronto Press 3rd EditionPanshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRedding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonStone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. LondonT.R.A.D.A.,1942,Home-grown timber trees - their characteristics, cultivation and Uses,TRADAThomas, A.V.,1964,Timbers Used in the Boat Building Industry A Survey,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,LaboratoryTimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85 |
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