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Monkey Pod (Pithecellobium saman)
Family: Leguminosae Common names: Acacia, Aguango, Algarrobo, Algarrobo de pais, Algarrobo del pais, Almacigo blanco, Arbol de la lluvia, Arbre a pluie, Belati siris, Bois noir de Haiti, Bordao de velho, Campano, Carabali, Carabaly, Carreto, Carreto real, Cenicaro, Cenicero, Compano, Cow tamarind, Cow tamrind, Daugeni, Dormilon, French tamarind, Genizaro, Genizero, Giant tibet, Gipio, Gouannegoul, Gouannegowl, Guango, Huacamayo chico, Huacamayo-chico, Huacamayochico, Lara, Licorice, Locorice, Mazhamaram, Monkey Pod, Monkeypod, Nidaraganneru, Rain tree, Raintree, Sa, Samag, Samagu, Saman, Sanaguare, Sanguare, Tabaca, Thinbaw-kokko, Thungomonji, Thungumunji-maram, Urero, Zorra Distributed in: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Fiji [Polynesia], Fiji, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii [US], Indonesia, Jamaica, Mexico, New Caledonia Island [France], New Caledonia, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico [US], Puerto Rico, Suriname, Vanuatu, Venezuela (Africa, Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: The genus Pithecellobium consists of shrubs and trees that are distributed in the tropical regions of the world. Monkey pod (P. saman) grow in forests and at the edge of forests, alongside roads and pathways in central and eastern Paraguay. It is also reported to grow from the Antilles to Paraguay, and is widely planted and naturalized throughout the West Indies, Mexico southward, and in other tropical regions including Africa where it grows in towns, villages and alon roadsides. It prefers well-drained fertile soils. An introduced species from South America, Monkey pod is also often planted as a shade tree in several parts of India, Burma, and the Andamans.\The genus Pithecellobium consist of shrubs and trees that are distributed in the tropical regions of the world. Monkey pod (S. saman) grow in at the edge of forests, alongside roads and pathways in central and eastern Paraguay. It is also reported to grow from the Antilles to Paraguay, and is widely planted and naturalized throughout the West Indies, Mexico southward, and in other tropical regions, including tropical Africa, where it grows in towns, villages and along roadsides. It prefers well-drained fertile soils. An introduced species from South America, Monkey pod is also often planted as a shade tree in several parts of India, Burma, and the Andamans. \ Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Boards, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Charcoal, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Dressed boards, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Food containers, Foundation posts, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Lumber, Mathematical instruments, Millwork, Moldings, Musical instruments, Office furniture, Paneling, Plain veneer, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rough boards/dimension stock, Rustic furniture, Shingles, Stakes, Stools, Tables , Tables, Toys, Trimming, Turnery, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wainscotting, Wardrobes, Wheel spokes, Wheels, Woodwork Environment profile: Widespread, abundant and globally secure Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isRed, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Wide.The grain isWavy, often interlocked , the textureResinous and oilyand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) rapid Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Slowly Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good It is also a favorite shade treeWell known Monkey pod of commerce, favored for wooden bowls, etc. Blunting Effect: Little
Boring: Moderately easy Carving: Good results Cutting Resistance: Saws well Gluing: Easy to glue
Mortising: Mortises well in general, except in material with interlocked grain Moulding: Good moulding properties Movement in Service: Good moulding properties Planing: Tears and wooly surfaces may develop in planing operations of interlocked grain materials Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting: Good
Response to hand tools: Variable qualities Routing recessing: Generally good routing qualities Sanding: Good sanding properties Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Suitable for slicing
Turning: Turned surfaces tend to be wooly because of interlocked grain
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Satisfactory
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Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Max. crushing strength = medium 0 Shrinkage, Radial = very small 0 Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Bending strength (MOR) = low Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage Volumetric = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low High in density Shrinkage, Tangential = small Resists wearing and marring Max. crushing strength = low Hardness = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Resists denting and marring Heavy Hardness (side grain) = soft Being much weaker than White oak or Teak in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content) Alston, A.S.,1966,Powder Post Beetle Lyctus Species,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.6Alston, A.S.,1982,Timbers of Fiji: Properties and potential uses,Fiji Forestry Department, SuvaBerni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1972,The Mechanical Properties of 56 Fijian Timbers,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.,62Brazier, J.D., Franklin, G.L.,1967,An Appraisal of the Wood Characteristics and Potential Uses of some,Nicaraguan Timbers,FAO for Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBurns, L.V.,1942,Roofing Shingles in Jamaica,Caribbean Forester 4(1) pp9-15Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1958. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume I - Dilleniaceae to Elaeocarpaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Constantine, Jr., A. J. 1959.Know Your Woods - A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers.Revised Edition.Revised by H.J. Hobbs.Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.EcoTimber International, San Francisco, California.Personal Communication, 1993.Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFiji Forestry Department,1969,Fiji Timbers and their uses - the properties and potential uses of,Raintree (Samanea saman,Fiji Forestry Department, SuvaFors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La HabaraKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Keay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Lumberman, 12(5):A-H.Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98Longwood, F.R.,1961,Puerto Rican Woods - Their Machining Seasoning and Related Characteristics,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.205Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207Magnus, K.E., Seaforth, C.E.,1965,Samanea saman Merrill : The Raintree. A Review,Tropical Science,7(1,PP6-11Marshall, R.C.,1939,Silviculture of the trees of Trinidad and Tobago - British West Indies,O.U.P.,LondonRamesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3Rao, K.R. and S.K. Purkayastha. 1972. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume III - Leguminosae to Combretaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressReyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Slooten van der, H.J., Martinez, E.P.,1959,Descripcion y propiedades de algunas madeiras Venezolanas,Inst. for Lation Americano de Investigacion y Capaciticion Boletin,Informaturo DirulgaturoStreets, R.J.,1962,Exotic Forest Trees in the British Commonwealth,Clarendon Press OxfordSwabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29Tropical Timber Information Center U.S.A.,1975,Saman (Samanea saman,State Univ. New York TTIC Brief,29Wangaard, F.F., et al,1954,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 4,Tropical Woods,14(99, pp1-187Williams, L.1936. Woods of Northeastern Peru.Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series, Volume XV, Publication 377, Chicago. |
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