 
Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
Family: Platanaceae
Common names: American plain, American plane, American planetree, American sycamore, American western plane, Butterwood, Button-ball, Buttonball tree, Buttonwood, Californian button-wood, Lacewood, Plane, Planetree, Plataan, Sycamore
Distributed in: United States (North America)
Distribution overview: The growth range of Sycamore in North America reported to include Ontario, Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, Great Smoky Mountain National Park, Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, and West Virginia. The tree prefers wet soils of stream banks, flood plains, and edges of lakes and swamps, and is a dominant species in mixed forests.
Common uses: Baskets, Boards, Boxes and crates, Broom handles, Brush backs & handles, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Cigar boxes, Cooperages, Decorative veneer, Dressed boards, Figured veneer, Flooring, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: general, Interior construction, Joinery, Lumber, Millwork, Packing cases, Pallets, Paneling , Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Rough boards/dimension stock, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wainscotting
Environment profile: Widespread, abundant and globally secure
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhitish to light yellowish, or reddish brown , Yellow.The grain isSpiral, the textureFine to mediumand the lusterLustrous
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Susceptible to insect attack
Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: T6-D2(4/4) T3-D1 (8/4) US
Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly
Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting
Ease of Drying: Slowly
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory
Blunting Effect: Slight blunting effect on cutting tools
Boring: Good boring qualitites
Cutting Resistance: Low resistance to sawing
Gluing: Moderate gluing properties
Mortising: Very Good to Excellent
Moulding: Very Good to Excellent
Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent
Nailing: Thinner stock should be pre-bored , Very Good to Excellent
Planing: Very Good to Excellent
Resistance to Impregnation: Permeable sapwood
Resistance to Splitting: Good
Response to hand tools: Responds well to hand tools
Routing recessing: Very Good to Excellent Results
Sanding: Poor sanding qualitites
Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy
Steam bending: Poor steam bending characteristics
Screwing: Percent of screwed pieces free from complete splits is 74 , Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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 |
 |
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| Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
| Specific Gravity |
0,44 |
0,46 |
|
| Density |
|
560 |
kg/m3 |
| Bending Strength |
429 |
664 |
kg/cm2 |
| Crushing Strength |
24 |
48 |
kg/cm2 |
| Hardness |
|
346 |
kg |
| Impact Strength |
63 |
68 |
cm |
| Shearing Strength |
|
103 |
kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness |
73 |
92 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
| Tangential Shrinkage |
7 |
|
% |
| Radial Shrinkage |
5 |
|
% |
| Weight |
624 |
544 |
kg/m3 |
| Maximum Load |
0,42 |
0,49 |
cm-kg/cm3 |
| Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
| Static Bending |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | | Item | Green | Dry | English | | Bending Strength | 6105 | 9457 | psi | | Crushing Strength | 353 | 686 | psi | | Density | | 35 | lbs/ft3 | | Hardness | | 763 | lbs | | Impact Strength | 25 | 27 | inches | | Maximum Crushing Strength | 2853 | 5110 | psi | | Shearing Strength | | 1473 | psi | | Stiffness | 1049 | 1321 | 1000 psi | | Work to Maximum Load | 6 | 7 | inch-lbs/in3 | | Specific Gravity | 0.44 | 0.46 | | | Weight | 39 | 34 | lbs/ft3 | | Radial Shrinkage | 5 | | % | | Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % | | Volumetric Shrinkage | 14 | | % | |
Bending strength (MOR) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Work to Maximum Load = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Weight = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = very low
The species has medium bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content). It is closer in strength to Mahogany than either Teak or White oak, which have higher bending strength.It is moderately hard and resistant to wearing and marring
Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, LondonBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADAI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kline, M. 1979. Platanus occidentalis - Sycamore. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 281-282.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Laidlaw, W.B.R.1960. Guide to British Hardwoods.Published by Leonard Hill [Books] Limited, 9 Eden Street, N.W.1, London.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479McAlpine, R.G. and Applefield, M.,1973,American Woods - American Sycamore,USDA, Forest Service American Woods FS-267Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressStone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. LondonT.D.A.,1942,Timber Leaflet - No.68 Plane,TRADA Timber LeafletTitmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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