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SycamoreSycamoreSycamore
Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)

Family: Platanaceae

Common names: American plain, American plane, American planetree, American sycamore, American western plane, Butterwood, Button-ball, Buttonball tree, Buttonwood, Californian button-wood, Lacewood, Plane, Planetree, Plataan, Sycamore

Distributed in: United States (North America)

Distribution overview: The growth range of Sycamore in North America reported to include Ontario, Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, Great Smoky Mountain National Park, Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, and West Virginia. The tree prefers wet soils of stream banks, flood plains, and edges of lakes and swamps, and is a dominant species in mixed forests.

Common uses: Baskets, Boards, Boxes and crates, Broom handles, Brush backs & handles, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Cigar boxes, Cooperages, Decorative veneer, Dressed boards, Figured veneer, Flooring, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: general, Interior construction, Joinery, Lumber, Millwork, Packing cases, Pallets, Paneling , Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Rough boards/dimension stock, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wainscotting

Environment profile: Widespread, abundant and globally secure

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhitish to light yellowish, or reddish brown , Yellow.The grain isSpiral, the textureFine to mediumand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: T6-D2(4/4) T3-D1 (8/4) US

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly

Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory

Blunting Effect: Slight blunting effect on cutting tools

Boring: Good boring qualitites

Cutting Resistance: Low resistance to sawing

Gluing: Moderate gluing properties

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Very Good to Excellent

Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent

Nailing: Thinner stock should be pre-bored , Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Permeable sapwood

Resistance to Splitting: Good

Response to hand tools: Responds well to hand tools

Routing recessing: Very Good to Excellent Results

Sanding: Poor sanding qualitites

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Poor steam bending characteristics

Screwing: Percent of screwed pieces free from complete splits is 74 , Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,44 0,46
Density 560 kg/m3
Bending Strength 429 664 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 24 48 kg/cm2
Hardness 346 kg
Impact Strength 63 68 cm
Shearing Strength 103 kg/cm2
Stiffness 73 92 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 624 544 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,42 0,49 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 6105 9457 psi
Crushing Strength 353 686 psi
Density 35 lbs/ft3
Hardness 763 lbs
Impact Strength 25 27 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 2853 5110 psi
Shearing Strength 1473 psi
Stiffness 1049 1321 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 6 7 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.44 0.46
Weight 39 34 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 14 %

Bending strength (MOR) = low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Max. crushing strength = low
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Work to Maximum Load = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Weight = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = very low
The species has medium bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content). It is closer in strength to Mahogany than either Teak or White oak, which have higher bending strength.It is moderately hard and resistant to wearing and marring

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, LondonBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADAI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kline, M. 1979. Platanus occidentalis - Sycamore. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 281-282.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Laidlaw, W.B.R.1960. Guide to British Hardwoods.Published by Leonard Hill [Books] Limited, 9 Eden Street, N.W.1, London.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479McAlpine, R.G. and Applefield, M.,1973,American Woods - American Sycamore,USDA, Forest Service American Woods FS-267Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressStone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. LondonT.D.A.,1942,Timber Leaflet - No.68 Plane,TRADA Timber LeafletTitmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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