African podocarpus (Podocarpus milanjianus)
Family: Podocarpaceae
Common names: African podocarpus, Chemsidu, Duku, Kisalasala, Livuwa, Maisi, Mkute, Mse-namawe, Mseso, Mtokosi, Mtongosos, Mtosi, Mukeke, Munyenza, Musangiria, Musenene, Musengera, Mushijha, Mushunga, Mutarai, Muyunjui, Mvembanyigo, Nkachi, Nyarulasi, Ol-chani-lengai, Podo, Podocarpus, Ruhombge, Saptet, Septa, Serti, Sitatet, Sosaite, Tawaso, Yellowwood
Distributed in: Angola, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Africa)
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Beehives, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Concrete formwork, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Food containers, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Musical instruments, Paneling, Particleboard, Piling, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Tables, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Veneer
Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodPaler than heartwood, Same as heartwood.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMediumand the lusterSlightly lustrous
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to marine borer attack
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=A US=T2D4/T2D3 Fr=1
Drying Defects: Slight end splitting, Slight surface checking
Ease of Drying: Moderate
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is slight
Boring: Moderately easy
Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy
Gluing: Moderate gluing properties
Mortising: Interlocked slightly to moderately
Moulding: Interlocked slightly to moderately
Movement in Service: Interlocked slightly to moderately
Nailing: Easy to nail, Holds nails well
Planing: Planes well, to a good finish
Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is permeable
Resistance to Splitting: Satisfactory
Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities
Routing recessing: Satisfactory routing results
Veneering qualities: Easy to cut, Suitable for peeling
Steam bending: Moderate
Screwing: Easy to screw, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Satisfactory
Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract; Varnishing: Satisfactory;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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 |
 |
 |
Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
|
|
|
Density |
|
512 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
411 |
644 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
275 |
449 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
298 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
|
63 |
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
92 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
71 |
84 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
|
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
2 |
|
% |
Weight |
496 |
400 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
0,49 |
0,7 |
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
109 |
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 5855 | 9163 | psi | Density | | 32 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 657 | lbs | Impact Strength | | 25 | inches | Maximum Crushing Strength | 3916 | 6397 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 1310 | psi | Stiffness | 1017 | 1199 | 1000 psi | Toughness | | 95 | inch-lbs | Work to Maximum Load | 7 | 10 | inch-lbs/in3 | Weight | 31 | 25 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 5 | | % | |
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Mor/Bending strength = low 0 Max. crushing strength = medium 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 1 Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Hardness (side grain) = soft Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Toughness (total work) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Work to Maximum Load Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Mor/Bending strength = very low Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Battiscombe, E., Dale, I.R.,1936,Trees and Shrubs of Kenya Colony,Govt. Printer NairobiBengough, C.C.,1971,Commercial Timbers of Kenya,Ministry of Natural Resources Forest Department, KenyaBois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World No.1 Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBryce, J.M., Norcross, H.,1961,The Resistance of Tanganyika Timbers to Impregnation,Tanzania Forest Dept. Util. Sec .Tech. Note,No.28Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiChalk, L., et al,1932,Some East African Coniferae and Leguminosae,Forest Trees and Timbers of the British Empire,Part 1Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonDale, I.R., Greenway, P.J.,1961,Kenya Trees and Shrubs,Buchanans Kenya Estates Ltd. Nairobi Hatchards LondonDallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonEggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaFanshawe, D.B.,1962,Fifty Common Trees of Northern Rhodesia,Natural Resources Board and Forestry Department, NdolaForest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchGrant, D.K.S.,1934,Some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest DepartmentHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Kenya Forest Department,1941,Strengths of Kenya timbers,Kenya Forest Department Bulletin No. 36Lomibao, A., Meniado, A.,1974,The woods of Philippine Anacardiacene (Genera Buchanania, Parishia and,Pistaria,Forpride Digest 3(3/4) pp69-70Pardy, A.A.,1956,Notes on Indigenous Trees and Shrubs of S. Rhodesia,Ministry of Agriculture and Lands S. Rhodesia Bulletin,No.1891Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRedding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43Saeed Ahmed, S., Mahammad Ayaz, and Taj Mohammad,1977,Properties and Uses of Commercial Timbers in Pakistan,Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar, Division of Forest Products Bulletin,No.3Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30Tack, C.H.,1958,The Strength Properties of some Uganda Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Bulletin No. 5Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiUganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1
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