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African podocarpus
African podocarpus (Podocarpus milanjianus)

Family: Podocarpaceae

Common names: African podocarpus, Chemsidu, Duku, Kisalasala, Livuwa, Maisi, Mkute, Mse-namawe, Mseso, Mtokosi, Mtongosos, Mtosi, Mukeke, Munyenza, Musangiria, Musenene, Musengera, Mushijha, Mushunga, Mutarai, Muyunjui, Mvembanyigo, Nkachi, Nyarulasi, Ol-chani-lengai, Podo, Podocarpus, Ruhombge, Saptet, Septa, Serti, Sitatet, Sosaite, Tawaso, Yellowwood

Distributed in: Angola, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Africa)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Beehives, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Concrete formwork, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Food containers, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Musical instruments, Paneling, Particleboard, Piling, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Tables, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Veneer

Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodPaler than heartwood, Same as heartwood.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMediumand the lusterSlightly lustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to marine borer attack

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: UK=A US=T2D4/T2D3 Fr=1

Drying Defects: Slight end splitting, Slight surface checking

Ease of Drying: Moderate

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is slight

Boring: Moderately easy

Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy

Gluing: Moderate gluing properties

Mortising: Interlocked slightly to moderately

Moulding: Interlocked slightly to moderately

Movement in Service: Interlocked slightly to moderately

Nailing: Easy to nail, Holds nails well

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is permeable

Resistance to Splitting: Satisfactory

Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities

Routing recessing: Satisfactory routing results

Veneering qualities: Easy to cut, Suitable for peeling

Steam bending: Moderate

Screwing: Easy to screw, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Satisfactory

Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract; Varnishing: Satisfactory;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 512 kg/m3
Bending Strength 411 644 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2
Hardness 298 kg
Impact Strength 63 cm
Shearing Strength 92 kg/cm2
Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Weight 496 400 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,49 0,7 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 109 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 5855 9163 psi
Density 32 lbs/ft3
Hardness 657 lbs
Impact Strength 25 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi
Shearing Strength 1310 psi
Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi
Toughness 95 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 7 10 inch-lbs/in3
Weight 31 25 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Tangential Shrinkage 5 %

Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Mor/Bending strength = low 0
Max. crushing strength = medium 0
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 1
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Toughness (total work) = very low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Work to Maximum Load
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Mor/Bending strength = very low
Max. crushing strength = low
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.

Battiscombe, E., Dale, I.R.,1936,Trees and Shrubs of Kenya Colony,Govt. Printer NairobiBengough, C.C.,1971,Commercial Timbers of Kenya,Ministry of Natural Resources Forest Department, KenyaBois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World No.1 Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBryce, J.M., Norcross, H.,1961,The Resistance of Tanganyika Timbers to Impregnation,Tanzania Forest Dept. Util. Sec .Tech. Note,No.28Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiChalk, L., et al,1932,Some East African Coniferae and Leguminosae,Forest Trees and Timbers of the British Empire,Part 1Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonDale, I.R., Greenway, P.J.,1961,Kenya Trees and Shrubs,Buchanans Kenya Estates Ltd. Nairobi Hatchards LondonDallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonEggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaFanshawe, D.B.,1962,Fifty Common Trees of Northern Rhodesia,Natural Resources Board and Forestry Department, NdolaForest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchGrant, D.K.S.,1934,Some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest DepartmentHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Kenya Forest Department,1941,Strengths of Kenya timbers,Kenya Forest Department Bulletin No. 36Lomibao, A., Meniado, A.,1974,The woods of Philippine Anacardiacene (Genera Buchanania, Parishia and,Pistaria,Forpride Digest 3(3/4) pp69-70Pardy, A.A.,1956,Notes on Indigenous Trees and Shrubs of S. Rhodesia,Ministry of Agriculture and Lands S. Rhodesia Bulletin,No.1891Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRedding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43Saeed Ahmed, S., Mahammad Ayaz, and Taj Mohammad,1977,Properties and Uses of Commercial Timbers in Pakistan,Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar, Division of Forest Products Bulletin,No.3Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30Tack, C.H.,1958,The Strength Properties of some Uganda Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Bulletin No. 5Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiUganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1
*Come interpretare i dati (manleva su eventuali imprecisioni)