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KasaiKasai
Kasai (Pometia pinnata)

Family: Sapindaceae

Common names: Agupanga, Aiafai, Aklam, Ako, Akwa, Alanipo, Aloyam, Asam kuang, Atam, Awa, Awang, Baiuka, Balokanag, Bangked, Bas, Bayod, Bayuso, Bayuto, Bidoso, Bioso, Bolokanga, Bontog, Cha-i, Cuhing, Daganon, Daine, Doko, Ebo, Galunggung, Gasuli, Gema, Gia-gia, Gima, Goyod, Hatobu, Ibu, Ihi mendek, Iseh, Jagir, Jampano, Kabokabot, Kajoe sapi, Kalambanan, Kanggo, Karangyan, Karsai, Kasai, Kasai Sibu, Kase, Kasei, Kauna, Kayaui, Keba, Kia-kia, Kirone, Koengki, Koengkil, Koiawa, Kongkir, Koyaua, Kraungyan, Kuakia, Kuglik, Kungkil, Landung, Landur, Langsek anggang, Laui, Lauteneng, Leungsir, Loto, Maa, Madala, Madalo, Madlau, Magtalisa, Mala kobe, Mala ula, Malaguab, Malatagum, Malugai, Malugal, Manggis, Mansanab, Matoa, Megan, Menda, Minamukai, Mohui, Moroboro, Motoa, Muni, Nautu, Ngaa, Ngaache, Ngelak, Niai, Nonde, Ohabu, Okamu, Pakam, Pometia, Sapen, Senai, Sibu, Sida-i, Sioso, Suket, Takugan, Takupan, Talaburisu, Tanabag, Taun, Tauna, Tava, Tawa, Tawan, Teno akwa, Tigaiu, Togaui, Truong, Tugaui, Tun, Turtugaui, Tuun, Tze, Uyakya, wesel

Distributed in: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Vietnam (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Various species in the genus Pometia are distributed in Malaysia, Indochina, the Philippines, and other western Pacific islands. They are widespread and occur in large numbers in coastal areas and foothills.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Cooperages, Core Stock, Decks, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles: general, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Ladders, Light construction, Living-room suites, Medicinal use, Mine timbers, Moldings, Musical instruments , Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Office furniture, Organ pipes, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Veneer

Environment profile: Rare in parts of its natural range

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterSlightly lustrous

Natural durability: Very durable, Vulnerable to pinhole borer and marine borer attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Silica Content: Siliceous

Kiln Schedules: UK=D U=T3D2/T3C1

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Severe twisting/warping, Slight collapse and honeycomb

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as poor General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Tree produces edible fruit, leaves and bark used for medicinal purposes

Blunting Effect: Medium effect

Boring: Poor to very poor results

Carving: Poor to Very Poor Results

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties

Mortising: Poor to Very Poor

Moulding: Poor to Very Poor

Movement in Service: Poor to Very Poor

Nailing: Holds nails well, Holds satisfactorily

Planing: Poor to Very Poor

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant

Response to hand tools: Variable qualities

Routing recessing: Satisfactory routing results

Sanding: Good sanding finish

Veneering qualities: No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting, Suitable for peeling

Steam bending: Good

Screwing: Holds screws well, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Turns with moderate ease

Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Takes high polish; Staining: Staining is easy; Varnishing: Satisfactory;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,54 0,65
Density 705 kg/m3
Bending Strength 696 1150 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 41 69 kg/cm2
Hardness 559 kg
Impact Strength 63 81 cm
Shearing Strength 136 kg/cm2
Stiffness 115 137 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 705 689 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 384 cm-kg
Static Bending 342 661 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9910 16370 psi
Crushing Strength 584 994 psi
Density 44 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1234 lbs
Impact Strength 25 32 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 4947 7621 psi
Shearing Strength 1943 psi
Static Bending 4872 9408 psi
Stiffness 1642 1962 1000 psi
Toughness 334 inch-lbs
Specific Gravity 0.54 0.65
Weight 44 43 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 13 %

Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Max. crushing strength = medium 0
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium 0
Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large 0
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large 0
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium 0
Max. crushing strength = high 1
Bending strength (MOR) = high 1
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Resists denting and marring
Heavy
Density = high
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high

Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1968,Working Properties of some Native and Imported Timbers,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.8Bolza, E. and N. H. Kloot.1966.The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers.Technological Paper No. 41.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1976,The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Tec.Paper (2nd series) 11Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBolza, E.,1981,The Mechanical properties of 33 Solomon Islands timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research. Technical Paper (2nd series) No.37Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, and E.M. Wengert. 1988.Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods - Temperate and Tropical.United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBudgen, B.,1981,Shrinkage and density of some Australian and South-East Asian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. building Res. Tech Paper(2nd Series) No.38C.S.I.R.O., Division of Building Research,1977,CSIRO, Division of Building Research, Information Service Sheet No.,10-13,TAUN,CSIRO, Division of Building Research, Information Service, Melbourne,,AustraliaCameron, S.,1945,Some Notes on Utilisation of Timbers in the South-West Pacific,New Zealand Journal of Forestry Volume 5(2) 117-127Da Costa, E.W.B., Osborne, L.D.,1967,Comparative decay resistance of 26 New Guinea timber species in,accelerated laboratory tests,Comm. Forestry Review 46(1) pp63-74Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318.Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15EcoTimber International, San Francisco, California.Personal Communication, 1993.Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea.Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New GuineaGriffioen, K.,1967,Colloque sur le role des recherches techniques dans le developpement de,l'emploi des bois tropicaux en Europe,C.T.F.T.Hall, N., Et al,1972,The use of trees and shrubs in the dry country of Australia,Australian Government, Department of National Development, Forest and,Timber Bureau, CanberraI. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kininimonth, J.A.,1982,Properties and uses of the timbers of Western Samoa, Indigenous,Hardwoods,Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New ZealandKloot, N. H. and E. Bolza.1961.Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia.Technological Paper No. 12.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-H.Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Martawijaya, A., Kadir, K., Kartasujana, I.,1986,Indonesian Wood Atlas. Vol.1.,Department of Forestry Agency for Forestry Research and Development.,Bogar-IndonesiaNetherlands - Houtinstituut T.N.O.,1964,MATOA (Pometia pinnata Forst.,Houtinstituut T.N.O. DelftPapua New Guinea Department of Forests,1972,New Horizons,Forestry in Papua New Guinea,Jacaranda Press PTY Ltd, BrisbanePapua New Guinea,1982,Papua New Guinea timbers - technical data,Forest Industries Council P.N.G.Pleydell, G.J.,1970,Timbers of the British Solomon Islands,United Africa Company (Timber) Ltd, LondonReyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7Solomon Islands Forest Department,1970,Solomon Islands Timbers Pometia pinnata,Solomon Islands Timbers Timber Leaflet, Forestry Department, HoniaraSolomon Islands,1976,Solomon Islands Timbers - Major Species,For Div. Min. Nat. Resources, Honiara, Timber Booklet 1Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand.The Ecological Trading Company Limited (ETC, Newcastle upon Tyre, United Kingdom.Tsumoto, T., Karasawa, H.,1975,The Properties of Tropical Woods 21,Government of Japan Forest Experimental Station Bulletin,No.227WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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