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Balsam poplarBalsam poplar
Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)

Family: Salicaeae

Common names: Balm, Balm Of Gilead, Balsam cottonwood, Balsam poplar, California poplar, Cottonwood, Hackmatack, Heartleafbalsam poplar, Poplar, Tacamahac, Tacamahac poplar, Western balsam poplar

Distributed in: Canada, Russia, United States (Eastern Europe, North America)

Distribution overview: The growth range of the species in North America includes Alberta, British Columbia, Lebanon, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory, Alaska, California, Colorado, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Nevada, New York, Ohio, North Dakota, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Delaware, Great Smoky Mountain National Park, Maryland, Connecticut, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Indiana, and Wyoming. It is aften found in pure stands and prefers moist soils in valleys, mainly stream banks, sandbars, flood plains, and also lower slopes.

Common uses: Baskets, Boxes and crates, Brooders, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Drum sticks, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Food containers, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Jewelry box, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Musical instruments , Office furniture, Organ pipes, Packing cases, Pallets, Piano keys, Pianos , Plain veneer, Poultry coops, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Veneer

Product sources: Although Balsam poplar is abundant, it is rarely marketed alone, but is usually sold in a mixture with other Poplars. The material is readily available from small sawmills at cheap prices, often less than $0.50 per board foot.

Environment profile: Widespread, abundant, and globally secure

Tree size: The size and shape of Balsam poplar trees are reported to have a good resemblance to the Cottonwoods and Aspens to which they are closely related

Colors: the heart isPurple, Redand the sapwoodSapwood blends into heartwood , Whitish.The grain isWavy, the textureUniformand the lusterLow

Natural durability: Non durable, Very little natural resistance

Odor: Seasoned wood has no odor or taste

Kiln Schedules: T8-F4 (8/4)

Drying Defects: Expect moderate degrade from water pockets., Moderate collapse and honeycombing

Ease of Drying: Dries rapidly

Gluing: Excellent gluing properties

Nailing: Easy to nail

Planing: Easy to plane

Resistance to Impregnation: Moderately resistant

Sanding: Difficult to sand

Screwing: Good screwing properties ;

Staining: Ring-Porous figure becomes distinct after staining With proper staining, Balsam poplar can be made to resemble Cherry in appearance. ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,32 0,35
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 303 565 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 10 25 kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength 45 32 cm
Shearing Strength 54 kg/cm2
Stiffness 65 93 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 721 432 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,35 0,56 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending 179 330 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 4312 8036 psi
Crushing Strength 152 363 psi
Impact Strength 18 13 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 1847 4449 psi
Shearing Strength 774 psi
Static Bending 2548 4704 psi
Stiffness 936 1333 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 5 8 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.32 0.35
Weight 45 27 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 11 %

Weight = moderate
Low resistance to denting and marring
Bending strength (MOR) = very low
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Arno, J. 1989. Populus balsamifera - Balsam poplar. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 286-288.Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Little, E.L.1980.The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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