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Copal
Copal (Protium paraense)

Family: Burseraceae

Common names: Anime, Balsamo, Bois encens, Breu branco, Breu preto, Carano, Copal, Fontole, Kurokai, Latilla, Pom, Sucuriuba, Tacamahaco

Distributed in: Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America)

Distribution overview: The species occurs throughout tropical America, and is most abundant in the Amazon basin. It is frequent in the marsh forests of Guyana.

Common uses: Beams, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Core Stock, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Office furniture, Particleboard, Plain veneer, Plywood, Veneer

Product sources: The ITTO reports that timber from this species is produced at a low rate. It is occasionally exported.

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 300-350 cm

Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isStraight to very irregular and interlocked , the textureVery fine/fairly coarse and the lusterHigh

Natural durability: Susceptible to termite and dry wood insect attack, Very little natural resistance

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Silica Content: May contain silica

Kiln Schedules: T3 - C2 (4/4) US

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly

Drying Defects: Ring Shakes, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement

Comments: Wounds in bark yield resin for 'elemi' incense

Blunting Effect: Timber may be abrasive due to silica

Boring: Very good to excellent results

Carving: Seasoned wood is generally easier to work

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Very Good to Excellent Results

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Very Good to Excellent

Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Abrasion: High

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Seasoned wood works well

Routing recessing: Non-Silicieous, dry material are generally easier

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Fair to Good Results

Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,51
Density 608 kg/m3
Bending Strength 680 957 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 325 544 kg/cm2
Hardness 444 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 103 118 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 592 480 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 188 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9678 13622 psi
Density 38 lbs/ft3
Hardness 980 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 4626 7738 psi
Stiffness 1470 1691 1000 psi
Toughness 164 inch-lbs
Specific Gravity 0.51
Weight 37 30. lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 10 %

Resists denting and marring
Max. crushing strength = high
Heavy
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Density = high
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
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