
Copal (Protium sagotianum)
Family: Burseraceae
Common names: Anime, Balsamo, Bois encens, Breu branco, Breu preto, Carano, Copal, Fontole, Kurokai, Latilla, Pom, Sucuriuba, Tacamahaco, Tingimoni
Distributed in: Brazil, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America)
Distribution overview: The species occurs throughout tropical America, and is most abundant in the Amazon basin. It is frequent in the marsh forests of Guyana.
Common uses: Beams, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Core Stock, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Office furniture, Particleboard, Plain veneer, Plywood, Veneer
Product sources: Some veneer products from this species are available from sustainably managed The ITTO reports that timber from this species is produced at a low rate, and is occasionally exported.
Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed
Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m
Colors: the heart isGreen/grey, Reddish brownand the sapwoodNot always clearly defined, Pale buff/pinkish .The grain isStraight to very irregular and interlocked , the textureVery fine/fairly coarse and the lusterHigh
Natural durability: Non-durable, Perishable
Odor: No specific smell or taste
Silica Content: May contain silica
Kiln Schedules: T3 - C2 (4/4) US
Drying Defects: Moderately difficult to air-dry
Ease of Drying: Air dries moderately easy
Comments: Wounds in bark yield resin for 'elemi' incense
Blunting Effect: Timber may be abrasive due to silica
Boring: Some blunting effect
Carving: Seasoned wood is generally easier to work
Cutting Resistance: Debarking is recommended before saw to prevent resin build up on tools
Mortising: Mortising in dry condition is best
Moulding: Moulding qualities improve with seasoning
Movement in Service: Moulding qualities improve with seasoning
Planing: Silicieous material may dull cutters rapidly
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable
Response to hand tools: Siliceous wood dulls cutting eges rapidly
Routing recessing: Siliceous wood may blunt cutting edges
Sanding: Best with seasoned wood
Turning: Easier with seasoned wood
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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 |
 |
 |
Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,51 |
|
|
Density |
|
608 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
680 |
957 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
325 |
544 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
444 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
|
|
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
103 |
118 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
7 |
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
4 |
|
% |
Weight |
592 |
480 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
|
|
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
188 |
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 9678 | 13622 | psi | Density | | 38 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 980 | lbs | Maximum Crushing Strength | 4626 | 7738 | psi | Stiffness | 1470 | 1691 | 1000 psi | Toughness | | 164 | inch-lbs | Specific Gravity | 0.51 | | | Weight | 37 | 30. | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % | Volumetric Shrinkage | 10 | | % | |
Resists denting and marring Max. crushing strength = high Heavy Hardness (side grain) = medium Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high
Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
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