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Douglas-firDouglas-firDouglas-firDouglas-firDouglas-firDouglas-fir
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

Family: Pinaceae

Common names: Blue Douglas-fir, British Columbia pine, British Columbian pine, Coast Douglas-fir, Colorado Douglas-fir, Colorado pino real, Colorado real, Columbian Pine, Douglas fir, Douglas spruce, Douglas-fir, Douglas-fir (Coast), Inland Douglas-fir, Interior Douglas-fir, Oregon Douglas-fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine, Red fir, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, Yellow fir

Distributed in: Canada, Mexico, United States (Central America, North America)

Distribution overview: The growth range of Douglas fir includes Alberta, British Columbia, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Coast Douglas-fir occurs in pure stands of vast forests on moist, well drained soils. Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir may occur in pure stands or mixed coniferous forests, and thrive mainly on rocky soils of mountain slopes. Douglas-fir has also been introduced to other regions in the world, including Great Britain, Ireland, France, Belgium, Germany, New Zealand, and Australia as a source of timber.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Beams, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boat building: masts, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Concrete formwork, Construction, Cooperages, Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Domestic flooring, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Joists, Ladders, Light construction, Lock gates, Marine construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Packing cases, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Plain veneer, Plywood, Poles, Porch columns, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad cars, Railroad ties, Rough construction, Sporting Goods, Structural plywood, Structural work, Studs, Sub-flooring, Utility crossarms, Utility plywood, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Warehouse construction, Wharf construction

Product sources: Supplies of Douglas-fir are adequate since the species grows rapidly, and its growth range extends over a wide area in North America. It is usually priced in the medium to lower range. Remarkably knot-free, strong, and light, Douglas-fir is considered to be one of the best known softwood timbers.

Environment profile: Widespread, abundant, and globally secure

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureUniformand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Very durable, Very little natural resistance

Odor: No distinctive taste

Kiln Schedules: UK=K US=T13C4S/T11D3S

Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow

Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Variable

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: Douglas-Fir is reported to produce the most, in total volume, of timber, lumber, and plywood for veneerGeneral finishing qualities are rated as good Generally stron and hard Lumber from old trees is valuable because it is free of knots

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Very good results

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Level of difficulty depends on percentage of latewood

Gluing: Very good properties

Mortising: Moderately easy to mortise

Moulding: Moulding ease is moderate

Movement in Service: Moulding ease is moderate

Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Abrasion: Peel and slice easily because they are typically well-formed and not very hard

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is resistant

Resistance to Splitting: Satisfactory

Response to hand tools: Variable qualities

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Moderate

Screwing: Screws hold very well, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very good

Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Satisfactory;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,43 0,47
Density 528 kg/m3
Bending Strength 531 860 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 31 61 kg/cm2
Hardness 279 kg
Impact Strength 63 91 cm
Shearing Strength 82 kg/cm2
Stiffness 109 134 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 528 496 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,42 0,63 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 195 cm-kg
Static Bending 321 592 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7558 12238 psi
Crushing Strength 446 872 psi
Density 33 lbs/ft3
Hardness 616 lbs
Impact Strength 25 36 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3906 6951 psi
Shearing Strength 1172 psi
Static Bending 4572 8428 psi
Stiffness 1554 1917 1000 psi
Toughness 170 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 6 9 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.43 0.47
Weight 33 31 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 12 %

Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Max. crushing strength = medium 0
Hardness (side grain) = very soft 1
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium
Toughness (total work) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Max. crushing strength = low
Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft.
Weight = moderate
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high
Toughness (total work) = very low
Toughness (total work) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Max. crushing strength = high
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = very low
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Max. crushing strength = very high

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Fifth Avenue, Portland, Oregon.Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85Wood, A.D.,1963,Plywoods of the World: Their Development, Manufacture and,Application,Johnston & Bacon Ltd. Edinburgh & London
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