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Mueri
Mueri (Pygeum africanum)

Family: Rosaceae

Common names: Araruet, Bios de fer, Bitter Almond, Bitter amandel, Chati, Cherry, Dumizulu, Gyabizito, Iron wood, Kunukwa, Mgoturie, Mkomohoyo, Mkondekonde, Mseneo, Muchambati, Muchati, Muer, Mueri, Mueria, Mugote, Mutimailu, Mwiritsa, Ngote, Ngwabuzito, Ntasesa, Ol-koijuk, Omumba, Oromotet, Plum, Prunus africanum, Pypeum, Red ivory, Red stinkwood, Rode stinkhout, Tenduet, Tenetuet, Tungururiet, Twenduet

Distributed in: Angola, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe (Africa)

Distribution overview: The species occurs primarily in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zaire, and grows in semi-tropical rain forests at elevations of 5000 to 9000 feet (1525 to 2745 m).

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bearings & bushings, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Construction, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Fine furniture, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Stools, Sub-flooring, Tables, Tool handles, Truck bodies, Turnery, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wardrobes, Wheel spokes, Wheels

Environment profile: Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isVariable (figure), the textureMediumand the lusterDull

Natural durability: Very durable, Very low natural resistance to decay and attack by termites

Odor: No specific smell or taste

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: US=T3-C2/T3-C1

Kiln Drying Rate: Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Severe twisting/warping, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Blunting Effect: There is some significant blunting effect on cutting tools

Boring: Very good to excellent results

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Poor to Very Poor

Movement in Service: Poor to Very Poor

Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Tends to split when nailed near the edges

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Abrasion: High

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Responds well

Routing recessing: Routing yields good results

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily

Steam bending: Very Good to Excellent Results

Screwing: Fair to Good Results, Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Finish is generally satisfactory; Varnishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,57 0,61
Density 753 kg/m3
Bending Strength 669 1123 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 377 598 kg/cm2
Hardness 886 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 169 kg/cm2
Stiffness 104 123 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 769 641 kg/m3
Maximum Load 1,05 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9524 15983 psi
Density 47 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1955 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 5372 8510 psi
Shearing Strength 2404 psi
Stiffness 1491 1756 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 15 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.57 0.61
Weight 48 40 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 9 %

Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Max. crushing strength = high 0
Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Max. crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high
Max. crushing strength = low
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft
Weight = very high
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Max. crushing strength = very high
High in density
Hardness (side grain) = very hard
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very high
Compression strength parallel to grain or maximum crushing strength is higher than in Teak or Hard maple. It is hard and superior to Teak and probably Mahogany Much stronger than Teak in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content).

Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Battiscombe, E., Dale, I.R.,1936,Trees and Shrubs of Kenya Colony,Govt. Printer NairobiBois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrehme, K., et al,1967,Timbers of Ethiopia No.5 Ironwood (Pygeum africanum,Haile Sellassie Univ. Addis Ababa Forestry Res.Inst.Brenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFrance - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFTGoldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9Grant, D.K.S.,1934,Some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest DepartmentHMSO.1981.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R. H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Lavers, G. M.1966.The Strength Properties of Timbers.Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50.Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Logan, W.E.M.,1946,An Introduction to the Forests of Central and Southern Ethiopia,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford Paper No.24Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Sim, T.R.,1921,Native Trees of South Africa,Union of South Africa Department of Mines and Industries Memoir No.3Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer UgandaTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Department,1960,The Natural Durability of Local Timbers,Tanzanian Forest Dept. Tech. Note,No.14Tanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiTanzania Forest Division,1967,Pygeum africanum (Mkomotoyo,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec.,Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaUganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya
*Come interpretare i dati (manleva su eventuali imprecisioni)