Mueri (Pygeum africanum)
Family: Rosaceae
Common names: Araruet, Bios de fer, Bitter Almond, Bitter amandel, Chati, Cherry, Dumizulu, Gyabizito, Iron wood, Kunukwa, Mgoturie, Mkomohoyo, Mkondekonde, Mseneo, Muchambati, Muchati, Muer, Mueri, Mueria, Mugote, Mutimailu, Mwiritsa, Ngote, Ngwabuzito, Ntasesa, Ol-koijuk, Omumba, Oromotet, Plum, Prunus africanum, Pypeum, Red ivory, Red stinkwood, Rode stinkhout, Tenduet, Tenetuet, Tungururiet, Twenduet
Distributed in: Angola, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe (Africa)
Distribution overview: The species occurs primarily in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zaire, and grows in semi-tropical rain forests at elevations of 5000 to 9000 feet (1525 to 2745 m).
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bearings & bushings, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Construction, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Fine furniture, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Stools, Sub-flooring, Tables, Tool handles, Truck bodies, Turnery, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wardrobes, Wheel spokes, Wheels
Environment profile: Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isVariable (figure), the textureMediumand the lusterDull
Natural durability: Very durable, Very low natural resistance to decay and attack by termites
Odor: No specific smell or taste
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: US=T3-C2/T3-C1
Kiln Drying Rate: Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm)
Drying Defects: Severe twisting/warping, Splitting
Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Blunting Effect: There is some significant blunting effect on cutting tools
Boring: Very good to excellent results
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw
Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Mortising: Very Good to Excellent
Moulding: Poor to Very Poor
Movement in Service: Poor to Very Poor
Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Tends to split when nailed near the edges
Planing: Very Good to Excellent
Resistance to Abrasion: High
Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood
Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Responds well
Routing recessing: Routing yields good results
Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results
Veneering qualities: Veneers easily
Steam bending: Very Good to Excellent Results
Screwing: Fair to Good Results, Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Finish is generally satisfactory; Varnishing: Good;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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 |
 |
 |
Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,57 |
0,61 |
|
Density |
|
753 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
669 |
1123 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
377 |
598 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
886 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
|
|
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
169 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
104 |
123 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
7 |
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
4 |
|
% |
Weight |
769 |
641 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
|
1,05 |
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 9524 | 15983 | psi | Density | | 47 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 1955 | lbs | Maximum Crushing Strength | 5372 | 8510 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 2404 | psi | Stiffness | 1491 | 1756 | 1000 psi | Work to Maximum Load | | 15 | inch-lbs/in3 | Specific Gravity | 0.57 | 0.61 | | Weight | 48 | 40 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % | Volumetric Shrinkage | 9 | | % | |
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Max. crushing strength = high 0 Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0 Hardness (side grain) = hard Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft Weight = very high Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = very high High in density Hardness (side grain) = very hard Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very high
Compression strength parallel to grain or maximum crushing strength is higher than in Teak or Hard maple. It is hard and superior to Teak and probably Mahogany
Much stronger than Teak in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content).
Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Battiscombe, E., Dale, I.R.,1936,Trees and Shrubs of Kenya Colony,Govt. Printer NairobiBois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrehme, K., et al,1967,Timbers of Ethiopia No.5 Ironwood (Pygeum africanum,Haile Sellassie Univ. Addis Ababa Forestry Res.Inst.Brenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFrance - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFTGoldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9Grant, D.K.S.,1934,Some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest DepartmentHMSO.1981.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R. H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Lavers, G. M.1966.The Strength Properties of Timbers.Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50.Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Logan, W.E.M.,1946,An Introduction to the Forests of Central and Southern Ethiopia,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford Paper No.24Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Sim, T.R.,1921,Native Trees of South Africa,Union of South Africa Department of Mines and Industries Memoir No.3Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer UgandaTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Department,1960,The Natural Durability of Local Timbers,Tanzanian Forest Dept. Tech. Note,No.14Tanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiTanzania Forest Division,1967,Pygeum africanum (Mkomotoyo,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec.,Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaUganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya
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