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White oakWhite oakWhite oakWhite oakWhite oakWhite oak
White oak (Quercus alba)

Family: Fagaceae

Common names: Arizona oak, Arizona white oak, Cucharillo, Encino, Encino negro, Mamecillo, Oak, Roble, Roble amarillo, Roble colorado, Roble encino, Roblecito, Stave oak, White oak

Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)

Distribution overview: The geographical distribution of the White oaks, which include White oak (Q. alba), Chestnut oak (Q. prinus), Chingkapin oak (Q. muehlenbergii), Swamp chestnut oak (Q. michauxii), Swamp white oak (Q. bicolor), Bur oak (Q. macrocarpa), Post oak (Q. stellata), California white oak (Q. lobata), and Oregon white oak (Q. garryana), in North America includes Ontario, Quebec, Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Great Smoky Mountain National Park, Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, and West Virginia. It is usually found in pure stands and prefers moist, well-drained upland and lowland areas.The so-called classic White oak (Q. alba), grow from Maine to Texas in the United States.

Product sources: Although commercial white oak consists of several species in the white oak group, Q. alba is the primary and most important source of timber in the group. White oak veneers are plentiful, and supplies of lumber are also abundant. Price of lumber is moderate, compared to other hardwoods.

Environment profile: Widespread

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isVariable in color , Yellowand the sapwoodWhitish to light brown , Width varies .The grain isOpen , the textureMedium to coarse

Natural durability: Heartwood has high resistance to decay , Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: US=Upland T4-C2/T3-C1

Drying Defects: Ring failure, Surface checks

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Blunting Effect: Moderate dulling effect on cutting edges

Boring: Very good to excellent results

Carving: Fair to Good Results

Cutting Resistance: Generally medium but is variable

Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties

Mortising: Very good mortising qualities

Moulding: Difficult moulding qualities Number of moulded pieces yielding good top excellent out of one hundred = 35

Movement in Service: Difficult moulding qualities Number of moulded pieces yielding good top excellent out of one hundred = 35

Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Wood is hard

Planing: good

Resistance to Abrasion: Highly resistant to wear

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily Timber from slow-growth white oak trees are softer and are easier to work with hand tools

Routing recessing: Very Good to Excellent Results

Sanding: Responds well

Veneering qualities: Quartered veneers are often flake figured, while the very popular straight-line figure is a prominent feature in rift-cut veneer

Steam bending: Very Good to Excellent Results

Screwing: Good screwing properties, Pre-boring recommended; Turning: Very good

Staining: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Reaction between tannins and liquid from some products, especially those with high water content such as bleach and water-based finishes, may turn the wood green or brown. ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,59 0,67
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 571 1016 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 46 73 kg/cm2
Hardness 604 kg
Impact Strength 104 91 cm
Shearing Strength 137 kg/cm2
Stiffness 86 122 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 10 %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 961 721 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,77 1,05 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending 254 330 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 8134 14455 psi
Crushing Strength 657 1049 psi
Hardness 1333 lbs
Impact Strength 41 36 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3489 7291 psi
Shearing Strength 1960 psi
Static Bending 3626 4704 psi
Stiffness 1225 1744 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 11 15 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.59 0.67
Weight 60 45 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 10 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 16 %

Wear resistance is outstanding
Low stiffness
Crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Working properties are reported to differ with the rate of growth of the tree: slow grown trees are easier to work with hand and machine tools. Faster growing southern trees are reported to produce harder timber than the slower growing Appalachian trees.

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.California Department of Forestry.Comparative Physical & Mechanical Properties of Western & Eastern Hardwoods.Prepared by Forest Products Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California.n/d.HMSO, 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, BuckinghamshireJackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kaiser, J.1989. Wood of the Month:White Oak - Our Biggest Export is Popular Here Too.Wood & Wood Products, July, 1989.Page 76.Kaiser, J. 1994. Wood of the Month: Oaks Loom in designs, Folklore and Symbolism. Wood and Wood Products, November, 1994. Page 52.Kline, M. 1981. Quercus alba - White oak. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 302-303.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.NWFA.1994..Wood Species Used in Wood Flooring.Technical Publication No. A200.National Wood Flooring Association, Manchester, MO.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook:Wood as an Engineering Material. Agriculture Handbook No. 72. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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