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Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea)
Family: Fagaceae Common names: Black oak, Cucharillo, Encino, Encino negro, Mamecillo, Oak, Red oak, Roble, Roble amarillo, Roble colorado, Roble encino, Roblecito, Scarlet oak, Spanish oak Distributed in: Canada, United States (Mediterranean Sea Region, North America) Distribution overview: The growth range of Scarlet oak in North America includes Ontario, Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Great Smoky Mountain National Park, Arkansas, Illinois, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, and West Virginia. The tree can tolerate various soil types, especially poor and sandy soils. It grows with other oaks and in mixed forests on upland ridges and slopes. Scarlet oak is also planted in Great Britain as an ornamental because of its scarlet foliage in the fall season. Common uses: Baskets, Bent Parts, Boat building, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Cooperages, Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Food containers, Framing, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Millwork, Pallets, Paneling , Tables , Veneer, Woodenware Product sources: Although the primary sources of commercial American red oak are northern red oak (Q. rubra) and southern red oak (Q. falcata), various species in the red oak class are mixed and marketed together without distinction. Supplies of red oak are plentiful, and the species is one of the most commonly available domestic hardwoods. Oak in general, and particularly red oak, is the most popular timber for furniture, followed by cherry, pine, mahogany, ash, pecan, hard maple, and walnut.Red oak is also a popular export to other countries, and is one of the most popular American oaks used in Europe. Environment profile: Widespread Tree size: Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm
Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellowand the sapwoodWhitish to grayish brown , Yellow.The grain isUsually straight , the textureCoarse
Texture is largely dependent upon growth rate. Slow growing Red oak from the north parts of its range is often generally less coarse-textured than its faster-grown counterparts from the southern states
and the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules: US=Upland T4-D2/T3-D1
Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly
Drying Defects: Ring failure, Splitting Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care Blunting Effect: Moderate dulling effect on cutting edges Boring: Very good results Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw
Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties Mortising: Mortising is very easy Moulding: Very Good to Excellent Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood Response to hand tools: Works well with hand tools Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding: Responds very well to preservative treatment
Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy Steam bending: Very Good to Excellent Results
Screwing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very good
Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;
Weight = high Max. crushing strength = high Hardness = medium Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Oaks are classified into two main groups: red oaks and white oaks. Although members within each group may be similar, they do not have the same characteristics and may differ significantly. The Red oak group is plentiful in eastern Canada and the United States. The name Red oak is used in reference to several similar oaks which include American red oak or Northern red oak (Q. rubra ); Southern red oak, Spanish oak, Swamp red oak, or Cherrybark oak (Q. falcata ); Shumard oak or Pin oak (Q. palustris ); Nuttal oak (Q. nuttallii ); Scarlet oak (Q. coccinea ); and sometimes Black oak (Q. velutina ). Red oaks are often described as beautiful because of grain pattern and character. They tend to be plainer in appearance than white oaks because of their smaller rays, and they are not as watertight as white oaks because of their open pores. The two groups are comparable in strength, and they are both used in steam bending applications. Red oaks tend to be less resistant to decay than white oaks or European oaks. Also, red oak acorns are much more bitter in taste than white oak acorns. Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Kaiser, J.Wood of the Month:Red Oak - A Plentiful Species.Wood & Wood Products, December, 1992.Page 50.Kaiser, J. 1990. Wood of the Month - Red Oak:From Bitter Acorns Red Oaks Grow. Wood of the Month Annual, Supplement to Wood and Wood Products, September, 1990. Page 26A.Laidlaw, W.B.R.1960. Guide to British Hardwoods.Published by Leonard Hill [Books] Limited, 9 Eden Street, N.W.1, London.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Rendle, B.J. Editor. 1969. World Timbers, Volume Two - North & South America (Including Central America and the West Indies). Published by Ernest Benn Limited, Bouverie House, Fleet Street, London.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. |
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