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Valley oak
Valley oak (Quercus lobata)

Family: Fagaceae

Common names: California white oak, Valley oak, Valley white oak

Distributed in: United States (North America)

Distribution overview: found in northern and southern California, as well as Santa Cruz and the Santa Catalina islands. It grows at elevations of up to 5000 feet (1524 m). It prefers rich loamy soils in valleys and slopes, and forms groves in foothill woodlands. A relative of Eastern white oak (Q. alba), Valley oak is common through California's interior valleys.

Product sources: Various species in the white oak group are mixed and marketed together. Supplies are abundant, especially in the form of veneers, at moderate prices.

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m

Colors: the heart isPinkish tinge , Yellowand the sapwoodWhitish to light brown , Width varies .The grain isOpen , the textureMedium to coarse

Natural durability: Heartwood highly resistant to decay , Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: US=Upland T4-C2/T3-C1

Drying Defects: Ring failure, Surface checks

Ease of Drying: Moderately Difficult to Difficult

Comments: White oaks are moderate in bending and crushing strengths, with low stiffness. Their working properties are dictated by the rate of growth of the trees: trees that grow slowly tend to be relatively easier to work with hand and machine tools. Faster grown southern trees are reported to produce wood that is harder than wood from slower growing Appalachian trees. White oak is widely used for vats and casks for holding liquids such as wine and spirits because it is highly impermeable to liquids

Blunting Effect: Moderate dulling effect on cutting edges

Boring: Very good to excellent results

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Cutting resistance is generally medium but is variable. Cross-cutting and narrow-bandsawing are satisfactory

Gluing: Sometimes difficult

Mortising: Very good mortising qualities

Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Wood is hard

Planing: good

Resistance to Abrasion: Highly resistant to wear

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily Timber from slow-growth white oak trees are softer and are easier to work with hand tools

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Steam bending: Very Good to Excellent Results

Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Good screwing properties; Turning: Yields clean surfaces

Staining: Fair to Good Reaction between tannins and liquid from some products, especially those with high water content such as bleach and water-based finishes, may turn the wood green or brown.;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength kg/cm2
Crushing Strength kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English


HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Kaiser, J. 1994. Wood of the Month: Oaks Loom in Designs, Folklore and Symbolisms. Wood and Wood Products, November, 1994. Page 52.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Rendle, B.J. Editor. 1969. World Timbers, Volume Two - North & South America (Including Central America and the West Indies). Published by Ernest Benn Limited, Bouverie House, Fleet Street, London.
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