Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
Family: Fagaceae
Common names: Blue oak, Bur Oak, Cucharillo, Encino, Encino negro, Mamecillo, Mossy overcup oak, Mossycup oak, Oak, Roble, Roble amarillo, Roble colorado, Roble encino, Roblecito, Scrub oak, White oak
Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)
Distribution overview: Bur oak occurs in Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, and Saskatchewan, all in Canada. In the United States it is found in the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Louisiana, Delaware, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Maryland, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Iowa, Illinois, Mississippi, Montana, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia, and Wyoming. The tree is often found in pure stands on dry uplands, limestone and gravelly ridges, sandy plains, and loamy slopes to moist flood plains of streams.
Common uses: Cooperages, Core Stock, Crossties, Decorative veneer, Domestic flooring, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Flooring, Foundation posts, Fuelwood, Mine timbers, Parquet flooring, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Plain veneer, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Stakes, Sub-flooring, Utility poles, Veneer
Product sources: For commercial purposes, several species in the white oak group, including Bur oak, are mixed together. Supplies of white oak are abundant, especially in the form of veneers, at moderate prices.
Environment profile: Widespread
Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m
Colors: the heart isPurple, Redand the sapwoodWhitish to light brown , Width varies .The grain isOpen , the textureMedium
Natural durability: Heartwood highly resistant to decay
Logs are susceptible to severe attack by ambrosia beetles, and standing trees and logs are also readily attacked by forest longhorn or Butrespid beetles
Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: US=Upland T4-C2/T3-C1
Drying Defects: Ring failure, Surface checks
Ease of Drying: Moderately Difficult to Difficult
Blunting Effect: Moderate dulling effect on cutting edges
Boring: Very good to excellent results
Cutting Resistance:
Cutting resistance is generally medium but is variable. Cross-cutting and narrow-bandsawing are satisfactory
Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties
Mortising: Very good mortising qualities
Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Pre-boring recommended
Planing: good
Resistance to Abrasion: Highly resistant to wear
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant
Response to hand tools: Responds Readily
Sanding: Yields smooth surfaces
Veneering qualities:
Some logs are converted into veneers. Quartered veneer are flake figured, while the very popular straight line figure is prominent in rift cut veneer
Steam bending: Very Good to Excellent Results
Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Good screwing properties; Turning: Yields clean surfaces
Staining: Very Good to Excellent
Some finishing products, especially those with high water content such as bleach and water-based finishes, may react with tannins to turn the wood green or brown.;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,58 |
0,64 |
|
Density |
|
|
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
461 |
810 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
49 |
85 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
608 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
152 |
71 |
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
125 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
57 |
73 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
7 |
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
4 |
|
% |
Weight |
945 |
705 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
0,98 |
1,05 |
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
186 |
420 |
kg/cm2 |
|
| | | | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 6566 | 11531 | psi | Crushing Strength | 701 | 1220 | psi | Hardness | | 1342 | lbs | Impact Strength | 60 | 28 | inches | Maximum Crushing Strength | 2920 | 5723 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 1784 | psi | Static Bending | 2646 | 5978 | psi | Stiffness | 818 | 1049 | 1000 psi | Work to Maximum Load | 14 | 15 | inch-lbs/in3 | Specific Gravity | 0.58 | 0.64 | | Weight | 59 | 44 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % | Volumetric Shrinkage | 13 | | % | |
Low stiffness Crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Their working properties are reported to depend to a large extent on the rate of growth of the trees: slow grown trees are reported to respond better to hand and machine tools. Faster grown southern species are reported to yield wood that is harder than the slower growing Appalachian trees.
Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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