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Bur oak
Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)

Family: Fagaceae

Common names: Blue oak, Bur Oak, Cucharillo, Encino, Encino negro, Mamecillo, Mossy overcup oak, Mossycup oak, Oak, Roble, Roble amarillo, Roble colorado, Roble encino, Roblecito, Scrub oak, White oak

Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)

Distribution overview: Bur oak occurs in Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, and Saskatchewan, all in Canada. In the United States it is found in the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Louisiana, Delaware, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Maryland, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Iowa, Illinois, Mississippi, Montana, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia, and Wyoming. The tree is often found in pure stands on dry uplands, limestone and gravelly ridges, sandy plains, and loamy slopes to moist flood plains of streams.

Common uses: Cooperages, Core Stock, Crossties, Decorative veneer, Domestic flooring, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Flooring, Foundation posts, Fuelwood, Mine timbers, Parquet flooring, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Plain veneer, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Stakes, Sub-flooring, Utility poles, Veneer

Product sources: For commercial purposes, several species in the white oak group, including Bur oak, are mixed together. Supplies of white oak are abundant, especially in the form of veneers, at moderate prices.

Environment profile: Widespread

Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m

Colors: the heart isPurple, Redand the sapwoodWhitish to light brown , Width varies .The grain isOpen , the textureMedium

Natural durability: Heartwood highly resistant to decay Logs are susceptible to severe attack by ambrosia beetles, and standing trees and logs are also readily attacked by forest longhorn or Butrespid beetles

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: US=Upland T4-C2/T3-C1

Drying Defects: Ring failure, Surface checks

Ease of Drying: Moderately Difficult to Difficult

Blunting Effect: Moderate dulling effect on cutting edges

Boring: Very good to excellent results

Cutting Resistance: Cutting resistance is generally medium but is variable. Cross-cutting and narrow-bandsawing are satisfactory

Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties

Mortising: Very good mortising qualities

Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Pre-boring recommended

Planing: good

Resistance to Abrasion: Highly resistant to wear

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Sanding: Yields smooth surfaces

Veneering qualities: Some logs are converted into veneers. Quartered veneer are flake figured, while the very popular straight line figure is prominent in rift cut veneer

Steam bending: Very Good to Excellent Results

Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Good screwing properties; Turning: Yields clean surfaces

Staining: Very Good to Excellent Some finishing products, especially those with high water content such as bleach and water-based finishes, may react with tannins to turn the wood green or brown.;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,58 0,64
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 461 810 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 49 85 kg/cm2
Hardness 608 kg
Impact Strength 152 71 cm
Shearing Strength 125 kg/cm2
Stiffness 57 73 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 945 705 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,98 1,05 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending 186 420 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 6566 11531 psi
Crushing Strength 701 1220 psi
Hardness 1342 lbs
Impact Strength 60 28 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 2920 5723 psi
Shearing Strength 1784 psi
Static Bending 2646 5978 psi
Stiffness 818 1049 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 14 15 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.58 0.64
Weight 59 44 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 13 %

Low stiffness
Crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Their working properties are reported to depend to a large extent on the rate of growth of the trees: slow grown trees are reported to respond better to hand and machine tools. Faster grown southern species are reported to yield wood that is harder than the slower growing Appalachian trees.

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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