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Pin oak
Pin oak (Quercus palustris)

Family: Fagaceae

Common names: Cucharillo, Encino, Encino negro, Mamecillo, Oak, Pin oak, Red oak, Roble, Roble amarillo, Roble colorado, Roble encino, Roblecito, Spanish oak, Spanish swamp oak, Swamp oak, Water oak

Distributed in: Canada, Iran, United States (Mediterranean Sea Region, North America)

Distribution overview: This native North American oak occurs from extreme southern Ontario to Vermont, south to central North Carolina, west to north-eastern Oklahoma and north to southern Iowa. It grows from sea level to elevations of up to 1000 feet (305 m).tolerant of poorly drained, wet sites, including clay soils on level uplands. It is also found, but less frequently, on deep, well-drained bottomland soils. Pin oak is also planted in private estates and parks in Great Britain.

Common uses: Baskets, Bent Parts, Boat building, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Cooperages, Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring, Food containers, Framing, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Living-room suites, Millwork, Office furniture, Pallets, Paneling , Parquet flooring, Plain veneer, Tables , Veneer, Woodenware

Environment profile: Rank of relative endangerment based on number of occurences globally.

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isRed, Whiteand the sapwoodWhite, Whitish to grayish brown .The grain isStraight, the textureMedium

Natural durability: Perishable, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: US=Lowland T2-C1

Kiln Drying Rate: Slow

Drying Defects: Ring failure, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Blunting Effect: Moderate dulling effect on cutting edges

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties

Mortising: Mortises very well

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Holds nails well, Pre-Boring Recommended

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Works well with hand tools

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Responds very well to preservative treatment

Steam bending: Very good

Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Good screwing properties; Turning: Yields smooth, clean surface.

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Like other red oaks, Pin oak has an open grain which makes it responsive to a wide range of finishing products. A darker stain preceded by a light filler is reported to produce the popular 'lime' appearance. The wood can also be treated with ammonia to produce an almost black 'Jacobean' finish because of the high tannin content. Ray pattern on quarter-sawn boards can also yield a truly unique look. Tip: To avoid conspicuous differences in stained, edge-glued members, separate quarter-sawn and flat-sawn boards and use one or the other consistently for a given project ; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,57 0,61
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 533 964 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 49 70 kg/cm2
Hardness 671 kg
Impact Strength 114 111 cm
Shearing Strength 143 kg/cm2
Stiffness 60 119 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 977 657 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,98 1,05 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7595 13720 psi
Crushing Strength 706 1000 psi
Hardness 1480 lbs
Impact Strength 45 44 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3415 6684 psi
Shearing Strength 2038 psi
Stiffness 862 1695 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 14 15 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.57 0.61
Weight 61 41 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 14 %

Weight = high
Moderately hard
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Pin oak is a member of the Red oak class whose trees are found mainly in eastern Canada and the United States. The other class is the White oaks. The Red oak class consists of several very similar species which include American red oak or Northern red oak (Q. rubra ); Southern red oak (Q. falcata ); Spanish oak, Swamp red oak, or Cherrybark oak (also Q. falcata ); Shumard oak or Pin oak (Q. palustris ); Nuttal oak (Q. nuttallii ); Scarlet oak (Q. coccinea); and sometimes Black oak (Q. velutina ). Wood produced by the red oaks tends to have a plainer figure than those from White oak because of their smaller rays. Red oak timbers are also less watertight than those of White oak because of the open pores. Red oak compares favorably with White oak in strength, and are both used in steam bending applications. Red oaks are less resistant to decay than White oaks or European oaks. Also, Red oak acorns are much more bitter in taste than White oak acorns.

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Kaiser, J.1990. Wood of the Month - Red oak:From Bitter Acorns Red Oaks Grow.Wood of the Month Annual, Supplement to Wood and Wood Products, September, 1990. Page 26A.Kaiser, J.Wood of the Month:Red Oak - A Plentiful Species.Wood & Wood Products, December, 1992. Page 50.Laidlaw, W.B.R.1960. Guide to British Hardwoods.Published by Leonard Hill [Books] Limited, 9 Eden Street, N.W.1, London.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.NWFA. 1994. Wood Species Used in Flooring.Technical Publication No. A200.National Wood Flooring Association, Manchester, MO.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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