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Black oak (Quercus velutina)
Family: Fagaceae Common names: Black Oak, Cucharillo, Encino, Encino negro, Mamecillo, Oak, Quercitron, Quercitron oak, Red oak, Roble, Roble amarillo, Roble colorado, Roble encino, Roblecito, Smooth bark oak, Yellow bark oak, Yellow oak Distributed in: Canada, United States (Mediterranean Sea Region, North America) Distribution overview: The geographical range of Post oak in North America is the states of Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Great Smoky Mountain National Park, Massachusetts, Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. The tree is sometimes found in pure stands and prefers sandy, gravelly, and rocky ridges. It also grows in moist loamy soils of flood plains near streams. Post oak and Blackjack oak (Q. marilandica) are reported to constitute the Cross Timbers in Texas and Oklahoma, small trees on forest borders and in transition zones to prairie grassland. Common uses: Baskets, Bent Parts, Boat building, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Cooperages, Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Food containers, Framing, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Millwork, Pallets, Paneling , Tables , Veneer, Woodenware Product sources: Although Northern red oak (Q. rubra) and Southern red oak (Q. falcata) are considered as the primary sources of commercial American red oak, the various species in the red oak class, including Black oak, are mixed and marketed together without distinction. Supplies of red oak are plentiful, and the species is one of the most commonly available domestic hardwoods. Oak in general, and particularly red oak, is the most popular timber for furniture, followed by cherry, pine, mahogany, ash, pecan, hard maple, and walnut.Red oak is also a popular export to other countries, and is one of the most popular American oaks used in Europe. Black oak trees are also the source of various non-timber products. The characteristic yellow inner bark was used for medicinal purposes and was also a source of yellow dye for clothes. The tree produces tannin, and the dry, peeled bark has been pounded to powder and sifted for its dye. Environment profile: Rare Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Colors: the heart isRed, Yellowand the sapwoodWhitish to grayish brown , Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterLow
Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules: US=Upland T4-D2/T3-D1
Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries at a moderate speed
Drying Defects: Ring failure, Splitting Ease of Drying: Slowly Blunting Effect: Moderate dulling effect on cutting edges
Boring: Very good results Cutting Resistance: Moderate to saw Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties Mortising: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Movement in Service: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Nailing: Very Good to Excellent , Wood is heavy and hard Planing: Planed surfaces are usually clean and smooth Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood Response to hand tools: Works well with hand tools Sanding: Yields clean surfaces Steam bending: Commonly used
Screwing: Good screwing properties
; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining:
Large, open pores are reported to allow the use of different types of stains. A darker stain preceded by a light filler is reported to produce the popular 'lime' appearance. The wood can also be treated with ammonia to produce an almost black 'Jacobean' finish because of the high tannin content. Ray pattern on quarter-sawn boards can also yield a truly unique look.
Tip: To avoid conspicuous differences in stained, edge-glued members, separate quarter-sawn and flat-sawn boards and use one consistently for a given project
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Weight = high Crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Red oaks include American red oak or Northern red oak (Q. rubra ); Southern red oak, Spanish oak, Swamp oak, or Cherrybark oak (Q. falcata); Shumard oak or Pin oak (Q. palustris ); Nuttal oak (Q. nuttallii ); Scarlet oak (Q. coccinea ); Canyon live oak (Q. chrysolepis ); and sometimes Black oak (Q. velutina ). Red oaks usually have a plainer figure than white oaks because of their smaller rays, and they are more porous, which makes them less water-tight. The two oak groups are reported to compare favorably in strength, and they are both used in steam bending applications. Red oaks are generally less resistant in decay than white oaks. Also, acorns from red oaks are more bitter in taste than white oak acorns. Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Kaiser, J.Wood of the Month:Red Oak - A Plentiful Species.Wood & Wood Products, December, 1992. Page 50.Kaiser, J. 1990. Wood of the Month - Red Oak:From Bitter Acorns Red Oaks Grow. Wood of the Month Annual, Supplement to Wood and Wood Products, September, 1990. Page 26A.Little, E.L.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.NWFA.1994.Wood Species Used in Flooring.Technical Publication No. A200.National Wood Flooring Association, Manchester, MO.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. |
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