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Cape beech
Cape beech (Rapanea melanophleos)

Family: Myrsinaceae

Common names: Beukenhout, Cape beech, Chikuma, Isiqalaba se hlati, Isiquaqu, Isiqwane se hlati, Isiqwane-wehlati, Kaapse boekenhout, Magona, Massassa, Muforo, Mukwiramakoko, Murgwite, Murwiti, Mutomo, Rapanea, Siqwanesehlat

Distributed in: Cameroon, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe (Africa)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Boxes and crates, Broom handles, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Drawer sides, Drum sticks, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Medicinal use, Millwork, Moldings, Musical instruments , Office furniture, Organ pipes, Paneling, Piano keys, Pianos , Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Sounding boards, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Violin bows, Violin, Xylophones

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Tree height is 40-50 m

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMediumand the lusterLow

Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Susceptible to termite attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3

Kiln Drying Rate: Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Moderate end spitting, Moderate surface checking

Ease of Drying: Moderate

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory

Cutting Resistance: Saws without difficulty

Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties

Nailing: Moderate nailing properties , Possible if prebored

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is moderately resistant

Response to hand tools: Good

Sanding: Good characteristics

Screwing: Moderate screwing characteristics ; Turning: Turns with moderate ease

Polishing: Satisfactory; Varnishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,74
Density 769 kg/m3
Bending Strength 654 1091 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 359 577 kg/cm2
Hardness 721 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 145 kg/cm2
Stiffness 134 159 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 737 592 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending 660 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9310 15521 psi
Density 48 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1591 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 5109 8213 psi
Shearing Strength 2075 psi
Static Bending 9388 psi
Stiffness 1916 2270 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.74
Weight 46 37 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %

Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Max. crushing strength = medium
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Max. crushing strength = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
High in density
Hardness = medium
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Air-Dried condition about 12% moisture content
It resists denting and marring about as well as white oak or birch Much stronger than Teak in the air-dry condition Other species high in compression strength include Teak, White oak, and Hard maple.

Alan Schwartz.Rio Rivuma, Boston, MA.Personal Communication, 1993.Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchChalk, L. et al.,1935,Fifteen South African High Forest Timber Trees,Forest Trees and Timbers of the British Empire, Imperial Forestry,Institute, Oxford,Part 3Goldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Keay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Lamb, G.N.,1956,Foreign Woods - Cape beach (Rapanea melanophleos,Wood and Wood Products 61(10) p.54Pardy, A.A.,1956,Notes on Indigenous Trees and Shrubs of S. Rhodesia,Ministry of Agriculture and Lands S. Rhodesia Bulletin,No.1897Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressScott, M.H. 1953. Utilization Notes on South African Timbers. Bulletin No. 36. Department of Forestry, Union of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Scott, M.H.,1948,Timber Seasoning in South Africa,South African Forestry Department South Africa Bulletin No.32Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36Sim, T.R.,1921,Native Trees of South Africa,Union of South Africa Department of Mines and Industries Memoir No.3South African Lumber Millers Assoc.,1969,Notes on some Commercially Available Hardwoods,S.A.L.M.A. Timber Info. Centre Timber Technical Guide,No.1Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7
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