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Staghorn sumac
Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina)

Family: Anacardiaceae

Common names: American sumac , Hairy sumac, Lemonade berry, Skunk bush, Staghorn sumac, Sumac, Sumach, Tetlazian, Velvet sumac, Vinegar tree

Distributed in: Canada, Mexico, United States (Central America, North America)

Distribution overview: The natural growth range extends from Nova Scotia westward to North Dakota, eastern Iowa and in all states in the eastern half of the United States, from Maine to eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, northwestern Georgia and northern Alabama.

Common uses: Candlesticks, Carvings, Furniture, Specialty items, Turnery

Product sources: The material is unavailable in commercial quantities, but can be obtained for small projects as might be undertaken by a craftsperson.

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Tree height is 40-50 m

Colors: the heart isPurple, Redand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isVariable (figure), the textureVery prominent ring pores and the lusterMedium The wood is described as quite attractive, with a high, satiny luster

Natural durability: Resistant to termites, Susceptible to insect attack

Drying Defects: Collapse, Internal Honeycombing Possible

Ease of Drying: Fairly Easy

Comments: Freshly-Cut wood is reported to exude a thick, sticky pitch from the region between the bark and the wood. Seasoned wood is free of the pitch

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Planing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Response to hand tools: Easy to Work

Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy ; Turning: Turning is reported to yield fuzzy surfaces which require considerable sanding to smooth. Sumac is well worth using because of its unusual color and grain pattern

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Fair to Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength kg/cm2
Crushing Strength kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English


Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Kline, M. 1979. Rhus typhina - Staghorn sumac. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 316-317.Little, E.L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region. Published by Alfred A. Knopf, New York.Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J.,1939,American Woods of the Family Anacardiaceae,Tropical Woods,8(60,pp11-45
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