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African nut tree
African nut tree (Ricinodendron heudolottii)

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Common names: African nut tree, African oil nut tree, African wood, African wood oil nut, Anwamah, Anwarma, Asoma, Awema, Baluba, Bofeko, Cazengo, Corkwood, Dvovo, Ehan nsa-sana, Eho, Eke, Ekku, Engessang, Engwanle, Epi, Epui, Erimado, Erimodon, Erinmado, Esango, Esesang, Essanga, Essessang, Ewan, Ezan, Funfun puttuputtu, Gbolei, Haipi, Hobo hapi, Issanguila, Karro-tu, Kishongo, Kisongo, Kitililundu, Ko, Kpedi, Moigila, Mongongome, Mugongo, Mulela, Mungenge, Munguella, Musodo, Nbob, Ngwama, Njangsang, Nwvama, Okao koodo, Okengbo, Okhuen, Okkwen nebo, Okue, Okukduru, Okwe, Okwenseva, Olda, Omodon, Onwama, Ookwe, Otwetwereded, Owama, Poposi, Potopoto, Sain, Sanga sanga, Sosali, Tshilela, Wama, Wawankurmi, Webango, Wonjangasanga, Wonjasanga

Distributed in: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Zaire (Africa)

Common uses: Artificial limbs, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Coffins, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture, Matches, Model airplanes, Musical instruments: percussion, Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Toys

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to marine borer attack

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: Drying (speed) is fast

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly

Drying Defects: Checking

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Easy to glue

Mortising: Finishes poorly

Moulding: Satisfactory moulding

Movement in Service: Satisfactory moulding

Nailing: Easy to nail, Holds nails well

Planing: Planes to a satisfactory finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Permeable sapwood

Resistance to Splitting: Excellent

Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities

Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Finish is generally satisfactory ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 272 kg/m3
Bending Strength 176 254 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 84 159 kg/cm2
Hardness 144 kg
Impact Strength 38 cm
Shearing Strength 62 kg/cm2
Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 272 224 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 2509 3623 psi
Density 17 lbs/ft3
Hardness 319 lbs
Impact Strength 15 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 1196 2262 psi
Shearing Strength 882 psi
Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi
Weight 17 14 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 5 %

Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Density (dry weight)=less than 15 lbs/cu.ft. 1
Bending strength (MOR) = very low 1
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Max. crushing strength = low
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large

Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchChalk, L.,1933,Twenty West African Timber Trees,Forest Trees and Timbers of the British Empire,Part 2Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153Dalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the ColoniesEggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentForest Products Research Laboratory, Nigeria,1965,Nigerian Timbers for Matchmaking,Nigeria Fed. Department of Forest Research, Ibadan, Forest Products,Research Laboratory Report No.5Fouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. BelguimFouarge, J.,1950,Appropriation de Bois Congolais aux Besoins de la Metropole,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.38Fouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76France - C.T.F.T.,1960,Essessang,C.T.F.T.,Information Technique,No.30Ghana - Timber Marketing Board,1969,Ghana Hardwoods,Timber Marketing BoardHedin, L.,1930,Etude sur la Foret et les Bois du Cameroun,Haut-Commissaire de la CamerounHughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished dataIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonJay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKeay, R.W.J., et al,1960,Nigerian Trees Vol.1,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanKinloch, D., Miller, W.A.,1949,Gold Coast Timbers,Govt. Printer Gold CoastKryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Saint-Aubin, G. de,1963,La Foret du Gabon,CTFT Publ., No.21Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer UgandaTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and SonsUganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47Uganda Forest Department,1972,Ricinodendron heudolotii,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet, No. 49Uganda Forestry Department,1954,Pilot tests of strength properties of some Ugandan grown timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber leaflet No. 46United Kingdom - H.M.S.O.,1954,Report of the Matchwood Working Party,H.M.S.O. for the Board of Trade and Ministry of MaterialsUnwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. London
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