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Sandalwood
Sandalwood (Santalum album)

Family: Santalaceae

Common names: Bachduong, Cendada, Chandal, Chandan, Chandanam, Chandel, Gandada, Gandala, Gandha, Sandal, Sandalwood, Santagu, Santalin, Santel, Santhanam, Srigandam, Sukhad, Tan-muh, Tjandana, Vrai

Distributed in: Australia, China, Hawaii [US], India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Sandalwood is native to the southern parts of India, and thrives on dry, stony, but fertile soils. Other similar species are widely distributed from the Malay Archipelago to Australia and the Pacific Islands, including Hawaii.

Common uses: Bedroom suites, Bobbins, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Fine furniture, Furniture , Furniture, Living-room suites, Paneling, Picker sticks, Shade rollers, Shuttles, Specialty items, Spindles, Spools, Sporting Goods, Stencil & chisel blocks, Sucker rods, Turnery, Umbrella handles , Wardrobes, Woodwork

Product sources: Various species of Sandalwood are abundant within their growth range, but they are seldom harvested for timber. The species is being nurtured, with difficulty, into a plantation species. Supply on the international market is scarce, and when available, it is usually priced in the very expensive range.

Environment profile: Rather secure within its natural growth range

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhitish, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureVery fineand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable

Odor: No characteristic taste

Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed

Drying Defects: Checking

Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Wood darkens upon exposure.

Boring: Timber bores without difficulty with ordinary tools

Carving: Excellent weathering characteristics Sandalwood is an exceptional wood for carving

Cutting Resistance: Material is very soft and saws easily

Gluing: Some precaution may be necessary because of high oil content

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult, Holds nails well

Planing: Produces satiny surfaces

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is treatable

Response to hand tools: Very good response to preservative treatment

Routing recessing: Routing is easy

Sanding: Good characteristics The strong and spicy odor produced during sanding operations is sometimes overpowering

Screwing: Fair to Good Results ; Turning: Very good

Polishing: Good High oil content is reported to help produce a satiny smooth and slightly lustrous surface in polishing operations; Staining: Application of stains and other finishes may require some prior surface preparation because of high oil content ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,73
Density 945 kg/m3
Bending Strength 827 1162 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 412 594 kg/cm2
Hardness 815 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 109 kg/cm2
Stiffness 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 11770 16535 psi
Density 59 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1798 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 5865 8462 psi
Shearing Strength 1560 psi
Specific Gravity 0.73
Weight 58 47 lbs/ft3

Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu.ft
Max. crushing strength = high
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Very heavy
Very dense
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Hardness = medium
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Oils from the heartwood are highly sought after for use in perfumes, incense, medicines, etc. Resists denting and marring about as well as white oak or birch. The wood is relatively strong, but it is seldom used for applications where strength is a critical requirement.

Arno, J. 1989. Santalum album - Sandalwood. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 321-322.Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government PressBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 3 Southern Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonJain, J.C., Rao, P.S.,1966,Industrial Utilization of Sandal Sapwood,Indian Forestry 92(1) pp16-18Kartasujana, I., Martawijaya, A.,1973,Commercial Woods of Indonesia,Forest Products Research Institute, Department Pertanian, Bogor Indonesia,Report No.3Lamb, G.N.,1956,Foreign Woods - Sandalwood (Santalum album) and Butterwood (Vatairea,lundellii,Wood and Wood Products 61(1) p44Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsRajan, B.K.C.,1965,Some properties of heartwood of Sandal (Santalum album Linn,Myforest 1(4) pp35-42Tewari, M.C., Rao, P.S.,1965,Preservative treatment of sandal sapwood (Santalum album) for small scale,industries,Indian Forester 91(4) pp216-7Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionWCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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