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Antiaris (Antiaris africana)
Family: Moraceae Common names: Akede, Ako, Andoum, Antiaris, Bark cloth tree, Bofu-kenge, Bofue, Bofui, Bofuni, Bonkonko, Bovili, Chenchen, Diolosso, Egyany, Elwa, False iroko, False mvule, Fou, Hachu, Handame, Hanton, Jafo, Ju-u, Kakulu kodzo, Kan, Kesuba, Kirundu, Kudzo, Kyenkyen, Logotsi, Lulundu, Man, Mbondo, Mkunde, Mkunzu, Mkuzu, Mlulu, Mnguonguo, Muherere, Mulundo, Mulundulundu, Mumaka, Munsende, Mutie, Ofu, Ogiovu, Olwaa, Oro, Pau bicho branco, Pou, Ripi, Sansama, Sili, Terap, Tide, Tomboiro blanc, Toumboturo blanc, Tsangu, Upas tree, Zaadi Distributed in: Australia, Benin, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Tropical Africa. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Charcoal, Chemical derivatives, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Cooperages, Core Stock, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Door, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Paneling, Plain veneer, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulpwood, Shingles, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environment profile: Status unknown in many of its growth areas Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow to golden-yellow to orange, Yellowish tanand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureModerately coarseand the lusterSlightly lustrous
Natural durability: Very little resistance to decay, susceptible to sap stain Odor: Unpleasant odor which disappears after seasoning Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Drying Defects: Splitting, Tendency to stain and slight distortion may occur Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Tendency to corrode and stain metals is controllable Very little or slight tendency to splinter Blunting Effect: Slight blunting effect on cutting tools Boring: Should be adequately supported to prevent break-out at tool exits Carving: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Cutting Resistance: Saw without difficulty Gluing: Good gluing properties Mortising: Support material during mortising to prevent break out. Moulding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Movement in Service: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Nailing: Satisfactory nailing properties, Very Good to Excellent Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood Response to hand tools: Works fairly easily with hand tools Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy Steam bending: Very poor
Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Satisfactory screwing properties; Turning: Poor to Very Poor Results
Painting: Takes paint satisfactorily ; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;
Bending strength (MOR) = low 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 0 Max. crushing strength = medium 0 Hardness (side grain) = very soft 0 Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Shrinkage, Radial = very small 0 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low 0 Max. crushing strength = low 1 Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Bending strength (MOR) = very low Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Work to Maximum Load = very low Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Not hard Dents and marrs easily Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium Bending stength to shock loads=low Average weight Average density Its strength in compression, or maximum crushing strength, is medium - lower than that of Mahogany or Teak Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45Babajide, Lucas E., Shegun, Ajayi D.,1966,Stiffness and specific gravity related to other mechanical properties for,seven tropical timbers.,Nigeria Federal Department Forest Research, Ibadan, Report No.10Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1964,Ako (Antiaris,Bois et Forets Tropiques,97,pp17-21Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1976,The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Tec.Paper (2nd series) 11Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, SarawakBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiCause, M.L.; Rudder, E.J. and Kynaston, W.T.,1989,Queensland Timbers Their Nomenclature, Density, and Lyctid Susceptability,Queensland Department of Forestry, Technical Pamplet No.2Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonDalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the ColoniesEddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New GuineaEdlin, H.L. 1969. What Wood is That?: A Manual of Wood Identification. A Studio Book, The Viking Press, New York.Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1950,The Seasoning Properties of Exotic Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research Leaflet,No.44 and supplements 1 & 2Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1951,Antiaris - Antiaris africana,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research,Timber LeafletForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. BelguimFouarge, J.,1950,Appropriation de Bois Congolais aux Besoins de la Metropole,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.38Fouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceFrance - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12France - Comite Nacional des Bois Tropicaux,1938,Nos Bois Tropicaux Principaux Emplois et Essances Recommandees,Comite Nacional des Bois Tropicaux Technical paper (Paris)Ghana - Timber Marketing Board,1969,Ghana Hardwoods,Timber Marketing BoardGotz, E.,1983,Timber trees of the Gambia,Stiftung Walderhaltung in Afrika and Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Forst-,und HolzwirtschaftHMSO.1981.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R. H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished dataI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonITTO.1986.Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France.Jane, F.W.,1951,The Structure of Timbers of the World (Part 5,Timber News,59(2149,pp484-7Jay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKeay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Kinloch, D., Miller, W.A.,1949,Gold Coast Timbers,Govt. Printer Gold CoastKryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Kunkel, G.,1965,The Trees of Liberia,German Forestry Mission to Liberia Report,No.3Lavers, G. M.1966.The Strength Properties of Timbers.Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. (Air-dry Values only).Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Lincoln, W. A.1986.World Woods in Color.Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Malaysian Timber Industry Board,1986,100 Malaysian Timbers,The Malaysian Timber Industry BoardMurira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent BelguimRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSaint-Aubin, G. de,1963,La Foret du Gabon,CTFT Publ., No.21Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer UgandaTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Department,1964,Antiaris toxicaria (mkuzu/antiaris,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaTanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiUganda Forest Department,1954,Antiaris,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.9Uganda Forest Department,1954,Musizi (Maesopsis eminii,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.11Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47WCMC.1992.Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World.World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi KenyaWood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13 |
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