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Needlewood
Needlewood (Schima wallichii)

Family: Theaceae

Common names: Chilauni, Chinese guger tree, Laukya, Mangtan, Medang gatal, Needlewood, Puspa, Ta lo

Distributed in: Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Species in the Schima genus are reported to occur in Southeast Asia, China, Formosa, and the Philippines. S. wallachii grows in India, and is found in the sub-Himalayan tract from Nepal eastward at elevations of up to 4500 feet (1500 m). It is also found in the Khasi hills, Manipur, Chittagong hills, and grows in upper Burma.

Common uses: Crossties, Decorative plywood, Planks, Plywood, Rafters, Railroad ties, Roofing, Shakes, Shingles, Siding, Structural plywood, Utility plywood

Environment profile: Very little threat to its survival in immediate future

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isRed, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isStraight to interlocked, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very little natural resistance to decay in ground contact

Odor: No distinct odor or taste

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly

Drying Defects: Degrade due to warping and checking may be severe in some material

Ease of Drying: Volumetris shrinkage for this species is unusually high (20.1%)

Blunting Effect: High to severe

Boring: Bores readily with ordinary tools, with very good results

Carving: Responds readily to carving operations

Cutting Resistance: Fairly easy to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Very good mortising characteristics

Moulding: Very good moulding properties

Movement in Service: Very good moulding properties

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is treatable

Response to hand tools: Responds well to hand tools

Routing recessing: Routs well

Sanding: Yields relatively smooth surfaces

Turning: Yields clean surfaces

Polishing: Takes a fine polish ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,53 0,62
Density 641 kg/m3
Bending Strength 544 985 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 260 526 kg/cm2
Hardness 553 kg
Impact Strength 76 65 cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 93 135 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 913 624 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7742 14014 psi
Density 40 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1220 lbs
Impact Strength 30 26 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3704 7492 psi
Stiffness 1333 1931 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.53 0.62
Weight 57 39 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 20 %

Resists wearing, denting and marring fairly well
Heavy
Density=High
Crushing strength = high
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength in air-dried condition...is strong

Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1958. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume I - Dilleniaceae to Elaeocarpaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza.1961.Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia.Technological Paper No. 12.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Limaye, V.D.1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 4, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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