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Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensis)
Family: Olacaceae Common names: Ansam, Bawang, Bawang hutan, Bawang utan, Buwanghutan, Cepeluk, Forest garlic, Jaui, Kasino, Kayu bawang, Kudar, Kudur, Kulim, Kulium, Madudu, Marsindu, Merca, Rengon, Sedau, Selaru, Seluru, Sinduk, Sinoh, Terdu, Ungsanah Distributed in: Indonesia, Malaysia (Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: This species occurs throughout the lowland forests in Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. It is described as occasionally gregarious. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Canoes, Construction, Crossties, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Excelsior, Factory construction, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Lifeboats, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Parquet flooring, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Roofing, Shipbuilding, Sills, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction, Windows Environment profile: Secure within most of its natural growth range Tree size: Tree height is 50-60 m
Colors: the heart isSilver flecks , Whiteand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureModerately fineand the lusterSlightly lustrous
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Very durable Odor: Strong garlic smell when freshly-cut, and peppery smell after it dries LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Kiln Drying Rate: Kiln drying rate (green to 12% mc) is rapid, typically from less than 10 days for a board under 32 mm, to less than 30 days for a board 63 mm and thicker.
Drying Defects: No twisting or warping, Severe end splitting Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is not buttressed Blunting Effect: Little
Boring: Moderately easy Carving: Responds readily to carving operations Cutting Resistance: Fairly easy to saw Gluing: Good gluing properties Mortising: Finishes well Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing: Nails hold poorly, Possible if prebored Planing: Works without too much difficulty in planing, moulding, boring, turning and most operations Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Stock without deeply interlocked grain is fairly easy to work Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding: Good sanding finish
Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Suitable for slicing Steam bending: Tends to Degrade
Screwing: Fair to Good Results, Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Turning: Turns with moderate ease
Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Very Good to Excellent;
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft 0 Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 1 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Weight=High Resists wearing, denting and marring fairly well Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Density=High Crushing strength = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Balan Menon, P.K.,1958,Uses of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester 21(1) pp34-44Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, SarawakBurgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15Grewal, G.S.,1979,Air seasoning properties of some Malaysian timbers,Malaysia Forestry Department, Forest Service, Trade Leaflet No.41Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Jackson, W.F.,1957,The Durability of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,20,pp38-48Kartasujana, I., Martawijaya, A.,1973,Commercial Woods of Indonesia,Forest Products Research Institute, Department Pertanian, Bogor Indonesia,Report No.3Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza.1961.Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia.Technological Paper No. 12.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Lee, Y.H., Chu, Y.P.,1965,The Strength Properties of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester 28(4) pp307-19Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry BoardLee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210Malaysian Timber Industry Board,1986,100 Malaysian Timbers,The Malaysian Timber Industry BoardMenon, K.D.,1958,Susceptibility of Commercial Species of Malayan Timbers to Powder-post,Beetle,Attack,Malayan Forest Service Trade Leaflet,no.27Perrot, E.,1921,Les Bois du Gabon,Larose ParisSmythies, B.E.,1965,Common Sarawak Trees,Borneo Literature BureauStadelman, R.C.,1966,Forests of South-East Asia,Wimmer Bros., Memphis TennesseeStrugnell, E.J.,1931,Notes on woods for furniture making,Malaysian Forester 1 pp69-73Tamolang, F.N., Martawijaya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Parwira, S.,1992,Indonesian Wood Atlas Volume II,Department of Forestry, Agency for Forestry Research and Development,,Bogor-IndonesiaWalker, F.S.,1941,Resistance of Timbers to Marine Borer Attack,Malayan Forester 10(4) pp145-9WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries MalaysiaWong, T.M.,1982,A Dictionary of Malaysian Timbers,Malaysia Forest Department, Malayan Forest Records No.30 |
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