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White Meranti
White Meranti (Shorea assamica)

Family: Dipterocarpaceae

Common names: Lun, Lun puteh, Melapi, White Meranti

Distributed in: Brunei, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Species in the Shorea genera are reported to occur extensively, from Sri Lanka and India on the west and throughout Burma and other areas in Southeast Asia, up to the Philippines in the east. Most of the species are reported to grow in Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula. The White meranti group of Shorea spp. is widely distributed from India in the north and west through the Malayan Peninsular to the Philippines and Celebes in the east.

Common uses: Balusters, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Construction, Crossties, Decorative plywood, Furniture , Interior construction, Light construction, Moldings, Packing cases, Planks, Plywood, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Stairworks, Stringers, Tables , Utility furniture

Product sources: The genus Shorea is a major source of timber in international trade. The trees are abundant, and supplies are plentiful, especially in the form of veneers. Price is in the inexpensive range. Many species in the Shorea genera are also a source of other economically important non-timber products. Seeds of some species yield fat which is used in the manufacture of chocolate. Others produce nuts, the most common of which is the illipe nuts of commerce produced by S. gysbertisiana . The nuts yield a fat which is similar to cocoa-butter in some of its properties. Shorea trees are also tapped for oleo-resin, and typical dammar is obtained from S. wiesneri which grows in Java and Sumatra. The tree of S. robusta produces dammar which is used as a disinfectant and as incense in religious ceremonies in India. Other non-timber products from Shorea are reported to include tannin and fibers.

Environment profile: Not threatened

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Colors: the heart isPurple, Redand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isInterlocked, the textureModerately coarseand the lusterSlightly lustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to termite attack, Very durable

Odor: No distinct odor or taste

Silica Content: Contains high levels of silica (> 0.5% of dry weight)

Kiln Schedules: T6-D4 (4/4)

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly

Drying Defects: May cup and stain during drying , Splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Comments: Produced by tress of Shorea species in the Anthoshorea group

Blunting Effect: Little

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Poor carving properties

Cutting Resistance: Tungsten-Tipped or stellite-tipped cutters and increased tooth pitch during sawing is recom.

Gluing: Easy to glue

Mortising: Difficult to mortise Tend to be very abrasive

Moulding: Responds poorly to ordinary to machine tools

Movement in Service: Responds poorly to ordinary to machine tools

Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Tends to split during nailing

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Very difficult to work with hand tools

Routing recessing: Routs with difficult, with severe dulling of cutting edges

Sanding: Good sanding properties

Steam bending: Poor to Very Poor Results

Screwing: The wood has good screwing characteristics ; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Polishing: Can be polished to a high finish, after surface preparation ; Staining: Stains rather well after surface pre-treatment ; Varnishing: Improve with surface preparation ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,47 0,49
Density 560 kg/m3
Bending Strength 660 854 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 357 439 kg/cm2
Hardness 463 kg
Impact Strength 73 55 cm
Shearing Strength 106 kg/cm2
Stiffness 89 102 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 785 560 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,56 0,77 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9389 12160 psi
Density 35 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1021 lbs
Impact Strength 29 22 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 5091 6257 psi
Shearing Strength 1509 psi
Stiffness 1274 1460 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 8 11 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.47 0.49
Weight 49 35 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 11 %

Weight=High
Resists wearing, denting and marring fairly well
Fairly hard
Density=High
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Bending strength in air-dried condition...is strong

Arno, J. 1988. Shorea spp. - Luan. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 329-330.Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1958. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume I - Dilleniaceae to Elaeocarpaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.HMSO.1972.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Limaye, V.D.1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 4, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. Agriculture Handbook No. 72. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin.WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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