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Balau
Balau (Shorea guiso)

Family: Dipterocarpaceae

Common names: Balau, Balau merah, Guijo, Membatu, Red balau, Red selangan, Red selangan batu

Distributed in: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: The Balau group of Shorea spp. are found on the Malay Peninsula, Indochina, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The trees are reported to often grow in pure stands. Shorea genus contains several species that are widely distributed, from India and Sri Lanka in the west and throughout Burma and several countries in Southeast Asia, up to the Philippines in the east. Most of the species are found in the forests of Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula.

Common uses: Baskets, Bent Parts, Boat building, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Cooperages, Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring, Food containers, Framing, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Living-room suites, Millwork, Office furniture, Pallets, Paneling , Parquet flooring, Plain veneer, Tables , Veneer, Woodenware

Product sources: Species in the Shorea genus are a major source of timber from Southeast Asia. They are plentiful, and supplies are universally available, especially in the form of veneers. This popular wood is priced in the inexpensive range.Many species in the Shorea genus are also a source of other economically important non-timber products. Seeds of some species yield fat which is used in the manufacture of chocolate. Others produce nuts, the most common of which is the illipe nuts of commerce produced by S. gysbertisiana . The nuts yield a fat which is similar to cocoa-butter in some of its properties. Shorea trees are also tapped for oleo-resin, and typical dammar is obtained from S. wiesneri which grows in Java and Sumatra. The tree of S. robusta produces dammar which is used as a disinfectant and as incense in religious ceremonies in India. Other non-timber products from Shorea are reported to include tannin and fibers.

Environment profile: Generally secure within most of its natural habitat, but note exceptions.

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm

Colors: the heart isPurple, Redand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isInterlocked, the textureModerately fine to slightly coarse and the lusterNon-lustrous

Natural durability: Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles, Varied resisance to decay, from very low to high, depending upon species

Odor: No distinct odor or taste

Kiln Schedules: T8-B3 (4/4)

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly

Drying Defects: Warping is common but variable , Wood may end split and check

Ease of Drying: Rapidly

Blunting Effect: Medium dulling effect on cutting edges

Boring: Difficult They are hard and heavy, and usually contain interlocked grain.

Carving: Responds poorly to carving operations

Cutting Resistance: Saws cleanly with moderate blutning of cutting edges

Gluing: Variable gluing properties

Mortising: May prosuce some torn surface in material containing interlocked grain

Moulding: Difficult moulding qualities Balau timbers are usually hard and heavy

Movement in Service: Difficult moulding qualities Balau timbers are usually hard and heavy

Nailing: Splits severely and readily , Unsuitable for Nailing

Planing: Interlocked grain may cause some tearing, and a reduced cutting angle of 20 degrees is recommended in planing

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Fairly difficult to work with hand tools because of its high density and interlocked grain

Routing recessing: Difficult routing operations

Sanding: Fair sanding qualities

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Requires support on outer surface

Screwing: Poor screwing qualities ; Turning: Some tearing of grain

Polishing: Satisfactory polishing properties ; Staining: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,67 0,75
Density 833 kg/m3
Bending Strength 857 1233 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 88 110 kg/cm2
Hardness 744 kg
Impact Strength 83 88 cm
Shearing Strength 135 kg/cm2
Stiffness 140 168 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Weight 945 785 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,7 0,98 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 565 cm-kg
Static Bending 522 762 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 12193 17538 psi
Crushing Strength 1253 1578 psi
Density 52 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1642 lbs
Impact Strength 33 35 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 5988 9237 psi
Shearing Strength 1926 psi
Static Bending 7431 10844 psi
Stiffness 1999 2395 1000 psi
Toughness 491 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 10 14 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.67 0.75
Weight 59 49 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Tangential Shrinkage 11 %

Resists wearing, denting and marring fairly well
Heavy
Fairly hard
Density=Very high
Bending strength in the air-dry condition...very high
It has superior properties in compression parallel to grain in the air-dry condition than Teak, White oak, or Hard maple

Arno, J. 1988. Shorea spp. - Luan. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 329-330.Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1958. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume I - Dilleniaceae to Elaeocarpaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318.Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-HLavers, G. M.1966.The Strength Properties of Timbers.Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50.Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1956. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics. Volume 1 No. 4. Manager of Publications (Publisher, DelhiLincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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